Microscope / Cell structure - function - division Flashcards
the two types of microscope
- light microscope
- electron microscope ( two types )
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
Using a Microscope
- Place the slide on the stage and secure it with the clips
- Switch on the light
- Use low power
- Focus using the coarse knob
- Focus using fine focus knob
- Repeat using the high power and objective fine focus only
Magnifying Power
High power = Eyepiece * Objective = 10 * 40 = 400
plant cell
middle lamella cell wall cytosplasm ribosome permanent sap vacule cell membrane nucleus mitochondria chloroplast
animal cell
cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm temporary vacuoles mitochondria ribosome
Cell Wall
only in plant cells; made of cellulose this supports cell, gives it shape and prevents it bursting
Cell Membrane
selectively permeable i.e. only allows certain substances through
Mitochondrion
produces energy in the form of ATP using aerobic respiration
chloroplast
only found in plant cells. This is where photosynthesis occurs.
nucleus
control all of the cell’s activities
Nucleolus
makes the components of ribosomes.
Nuclear Pores
allow mRNA to leave the nucleus.
ribosome
make proteins by joining large
numbers of amino acids together
DNA
stores the information needed to make proteins
vacule
A large permanent vacuole only found in plant cells. It stores food, water and waste products
Protoplasm
all of cell, including the cell membrane except the large vacuole in plant cells
cytosol
cytoplasm minus the organelles.
cytoplasm
contains living material outside the nucleous
site of fermentation and glycolysis
Prepare and Examine an Animal Cell (Cheek Cell)
A. prepare a slide rub a wooden spatula inside your cheek transfer it to a slide add a drop of water place cover slip at an angle and lower it onto the slide to prevent air bubbles being trapped add drop of methylene blue stain draw stain using tissue paper stain deepens colour of the structure easier to see
B. examine the slide
place the slide on the stage
switch on the light
examine at low power and focus using the coarse focus knob
Examine at medium and high power but only use the fine focus
Prepare and Examine a Plant Cell (Onion Cell)
A. prepare a slide
- Cut onion in half, remove a layer and peel off thin skin of cells
- Cut a small square of this skin and place on a clean microscope slide using a paintbrush
- Add a drop of water
- Place cover slip at an angle and lower onto slide to prevent air bubbles
- Add a drop of iodine stain at one side of cover slip
- Draw stain through using tissue paper at other side
- Note stain deepens the colour of structures and makes them easier to see
B. examine a slide
- Place the slide on the stage and clip in place
- Switch on the light
- Examine at low power and focus using the coarse focus knob
- Examine at medium and high power but use the fine focus only
Prokaryotic cells
No nuclear membrane
No membrane-bound structures
e.g bacteria
Eukaryotic
Have a nuclear membrane
Have membrane bound organelles
eg. amoeba
Cell
basic unit from which all living things are built and is the smallest entity that has all the
characteristics of life.
Tissue
group of similar cells with a common function
