Mid term 15-16

Question 1

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

oxygen and sugars

Question 2

What happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.

Question 3

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

Answer 3

It creates food that they can eat.

Question 4

What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?

Answer 4

chlorophyll and other pigments

Question 5

All organic compounds contain the element

Answer 5

carbon.

Question 6

Why is water important for a cell?

Answer 6

Most chemical reactions in cells require water.

Question 7

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy?

Answer 9

passive transport

Question 10

Enzymes are important because they

Answer 10

speed up chemical reactions.

Question 11

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called

Answer 11

starches.

Question 12

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n)

Answer 12

compound.

Question 13

A species is a group of similar organisms that

Answer 13

can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

Question 14

What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 14

A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.

Question 15

Differences between members of the same species are called

Answer 15

variations.

Question 16

Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms?

Answer 16

A group is separated from the rest of the species.

Question 17

What are fossils?

Answer 17

the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

Question 18

How do most fossils form?

Answer 18

A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.

Question 19

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?

Answer 19

radioactive dating

Question 20

Which term refers to a species that no longer has any living members?

Answer 20

extinct

Question 21

What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?

Answer 21

gradualism

Question 22

What theory agrees with fossil records that show no intermediate forms for long periods of time?

Answer 22

punctuated equilibria

Question 23

Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?

Answer 23

homologous structures

Question 24

If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms

Answer 24

evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 25

Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to

Answer 25

determine the evolutionary relationships among species.

Question 26

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 26

Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.

Question 27

The gradual change in a species over time is called

Answer 27

evolution.

Question 28

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n)

Answer 28

adaptation

Question 29

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

Answer 29

natural selection

Question 30

Which term refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive?

Answer 30

overproduction

Question 31

How does natural selection lead to evolution?

Answer 31

Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.

Question 32

Factors that control traits are called

Answer 32

genes.

Question 33

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a

Answer 33

hybrid

Question 34

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

Answer 34

two dominant alleles

Question 35

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

Answer 35

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 36

What is probability?

Answer 36

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Question 37

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

Answer 37

____?____ in four

Question 38

What does a Punnett square show?

Answer 38

all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Question 39

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

Answer 39

You will have to figure this one out on your own

Question 40

An organism’s physical appearance is its

Answer 40

phenotype.

Question 41

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?

Answer 41

traits

Question 42

The different forms of a gene are called

Answer 42

alleles.

Question 43

An organism’s genotype is its

Answer 43

genetic makeup.

Question 44

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

Answer 44

homozygous

Question 45

A heterozygous organism has

Answer 45

two different alleles for a trait.

Question 46

All plants are

Answer 46

eukaryotes.

Question 47

Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants in

Answer 47

how they transport materials.

Question 48

What parts of a fern grow underground?

Answer 48

roots and stems

Question 49

You would expect to find spores

Answer 49

on the underside of fern fronds.

Question 50

The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the

Answer 50

rhizoid.