Midterm

Question 1

Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which

Answer 1

the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.

Question 2

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Answer 2

Two new daughter cells are formed.

Question 3

A DNA molecule is shaped like a

Answer 3

spiral staircase.

Question 4

Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of

Answer 4

a pair of nitrogen bases.

Question 5

During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?

Answer 5

interphase

Question 6

What is copied during replication?

Answer 6

the cell’s DNA

Question 7

What are chromatids?

Answer 7

identical strands of chromosomes

Question 8

What forms around the chromatids during mitosis?

Answer 8

two new nuclei

Question 9

The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called

Answer 10

the cell cycle.

Question 11

What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments?

Answer 11

He cross-pollinated plants.

Question 12

Factors that control traits are called

Answer 12

genes.

Question 13

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a

Answer 13

hybrid.

Question 14

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?

Answer 14

two dominant alleles

Question 15

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?

Answer 15

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 16

What is probability?

Answer 16

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Question 17

What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants?

Answer 17

three in four

Question 18

What does a Punnett square show?

Answer 18

all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Question 19

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

Answer 19

100 percent

Question 20

An organism’s physical appearance is its

Answer 20

phenotype.

Question 21

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?

Answer 21

traits

Question 22

The different forms of a gene are called

Answer 22

alleles.

Question 23

An organism’s genotype is its

Answer 23

genetic makeup.

Question 24

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is

Answer 24

homozygous.

Question 25

A heterozygous organism has

Answer 25

two different alleles for a trait.

Question 26

The ways in which people change the world around them to meet their needs or solve practical problems are called

Answer 26

technology.

Question 27

What are some reasonable safety precautions for field investigations?

Answer 27

Be prepared and use common sense.

Question 28

What is the first thing you should do if an accident occurs?

Answer 28

Notify your teacher.

Question 29

Knowing how to use lab equipment is an example of

Answer 29

good lab preparations

Question 30

If a beaker breaks, the first thing you should do is

Answer 30

notify your teacher.

Question 31

What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 15, and the other lens has a magnification of 30?

Answer 31

450

Question 32

How does magnification occur in an electron microscope?

Answer 32

An electron beam creates an image.

Question 33

Know the parts of the cell theory

Answer 33

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All living things are composed of cells. All cells are produced from other cells.

Question 34

What does the term resolution refer to?

Answer 34

how sharp an image is

Question 35

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 35

to control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 36

Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

Answer 36

nucleus

Question 37

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 37

to protect and support the cell

Question 38

The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover

Answer 38

cells

Question 39

Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to

Answer 39

maintain stable internal conditions.

Question 40

What is taxonomy?

Answer 40

the scientific study of how living things are classified

Question 41

Why do scientists organize living things into groups?

Answer 41

so that the organisms are easier to study

Question 42

An organism’s scientific name consists of

Answer 42

its genus name and its species name.

Question 43

The more classification levels that two organisms share,

Answer 43

the more characteristics they have in common.

Question 44

One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is

Answer 44

their ability to make food.

Question 45

A plant grows toward the light. The plant’s action is an example of

Answer 45

a response.

Question 46

Spontaneous generation is a mistaken idea because living things

Answer 46

are produced only by living things.

Question 47

The source of energy for most autotrophs is

Answer 47

the sun.

Question 48

All plants are

Answer 48

eukaryotes.

Question 49

Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants in

Answer 49

how they transport materials.

Question 50

You would expect to find spores

Answer 50

on the underside of fern fronds.

Question 51

The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the

Answer 51

rhizoid.

Question 52

A fern’s fronds are

Answer 52

leaves.

Question 53

What happens in the phloem?

Answer 53

Food moves down from leaves.

Question 54

Know the parts of a seed

Answer 54

stored food embryo cotyledon

Question 55

Plants that produce seeds

Answer 55

can live in relatively dry environments.

Question 56

All angiosperms

Answer 56

produce fruits.

Question 57

A flower’s female reproductive parts are called

Answer 57

pistils.

Question 58

Know the functions of a plants roots

Answer 58

to absorb water to store food to anchor plants

Question 59

Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity

Answer 59

stops.

Question 60

Why are viruses like parasites?

Answer 60

They harm the cells they enter.

Question 61

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells?

Answer 61

genetic material

Question 62

The best treatment for most viral infections is

Answer 62

bed rest.

Question 63

How does a vaccine work?

Answer 63

It activates the body’s natural defenses.

Question 64

Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they

Answer 64

do not show all the characteristics of life.

Question 65

What directly provides energy for a virus?

Answer 65

its host