Mid-term

Question 1

Nutrition definition

Answer 1

The process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health and growth.

Question 2

2019 leading causes of death:

Answer 2

1. Ischaemic heart disease
2. Stroke
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (lung)

Question 3

X/10 causes of death were NCDs

Answer 3

7

Question 4

3/15 risk factors for early death that were dietary:

Answer 4

1. High sodium
2. Low whole grain
3. Low legume

Question 5

Mortality risk factors:

Answer 5

1. High sodium
2. Low whole grain
3. Low fruit

Question 6

Morbidity risk factors:

Answer 6

1. Low whole grain
2. High sodium
3. Low fruit

Question 7

NSPs

Answer 7

Non-starch polysaccharides.
Main component of fibre eg. cellulose.

Question 8

Resistance starch

Answer 8

Type of fibre that can’t be digested

Question 9

Fibre in NZ comes from:

Answer 9

1. Breads
2. Veg
3. Potatoes etc

Question 10

Fibre:

Answer 10

Resists digestion and absorption,

Promotes either laxation, reduction in cholesterol, or modulation of blood glucose.

Question 11

FODMAPs

Answer 11

Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols

Question 12

High GI

Answer 12

> 70

Question 13

Med GI

Answer 13

56-69

Question 14

Low GI

Answer 14

<55

Question 15

Prevalence of IBS

Answer 15

5-10%

Question 16

Prevalence of lactose intolerance

Answer 16

8%

Question 17

Indispensable amino acids:

Answer 17

9

Question 18

Dispensable amino acids:

Answer 18

5

Question 19

Conditionally dispensable amino acids:

Answer 19

6

Question 20

PDCAAS

Answer 20

Protein digestability corrected amino acid score

Question 21

Primary:

Answer 21

Linear sequence of amino acids

Question 22

Secondary:

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonding

Question 23

Tertiary:

Answer 23

Final shape

Question 24

Quaternary:

Answer 24

Multiple polypeptide chains assembled to form protein complex

Question 25

Legumes low in:

Answer 25

Methionine and tryptophan

Question 26

Grains low in:

Answer 26

Lysine, threonine and tryptophan

Question 27

Veg low in:

Answer 27

Methionine and isoleucine

Question 28

Nuts and seeds low in:

Answer 28

Lysine and isoleucine

Question 29

Amino acids transported to liver by:

Answer 29

Hepatic portal vein

Question 30

Four fates of amino acids:

Answer 30

Made into proteins, dispensable amino acids, and other compounds, or used for energy

Question 31

Healthy plant based diet can increase:

Answer 31

K, Mg and Se Vitamins C and E and phytochemicals

Question 32

SCFAs

Answer 32

2-6 C

Question 33

MCFAs

Answer 33

8-12 C

Question 34

LCFAs

Answer 34

>14 C

Question 35

VLCFAs

Answer 35

>22 C

Question 36

Most fatty acids have X C

Answer 36

10-22

Question 37

Dives

Answer 37

Lipoproteins that transport fats to liver and cells

Question 38

Digestion of fats occurs:

Answer 38

In small intestine

Question 39

VLDL formed:

Answer 39

In the liver

Question 40

VLDL function:

Answer 40

Delivers lipids to cells

Question 41

VLDL turns to LDL when:

Answer 41

Cells accept lipids

Question 42

LDL function:

Answer 42

Delivers lipids to cells or liver

Question 43

HDL produced in:

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

HDL function:

Answer 44

Picks up cholesterol from cells and transports it back to liver for excretion

Question 45

Total blood cholesterol:

Answer 45

10% VLDL 65% LDL 25% HDL

Question 46

Dyslipidemia:

Answer 46

Elevated levels of cholesterol or triglycerides or low levels of HDL

Question 47

Supplements to mimic keto:

Answer 47

Exogenous ketones or MCTs

Question 48

MEOS

Answer 48

Microsomal ethanol-oxidising system

Question 49

Feel well

Answer 49

>0.05

Question 50

Risky state

Answer 50

0.05-0.08

Question 51

Dangerous state

Answer 51

0.08-0.15

Question 52

Drunken stupor

Answer 52

0.2-0.4

Question 53

Death

Answer 53

0.45-0.6

Question 54

DEE

Answer 54

Thermic effect of food

Question 55

Resting metabolism:

Answer 55

60%

Question 56

Exercise:

Answer 56

32%

Question 57

Thermic effect:

Answer 57

8%

Question 58

Liver produces glucose:

Answer 58

Hepatic gluconeogenesis

Question 59

Insulin released by:

Answer 59

Beta cells in Islet of Langerhan in pancreas

Question 60

Liver:

Answer 60

- filters toxins - synthesises proteins - processes nutrients - stores energy - produces bile

Question 61

Gallbladder

Answer 61

Stores bile

Question 62

Duodenum

Answer 62

Breaks down partially digested food with bile and pancreatic juices

Question 63

Common bile duct

Answer 63

Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to small intestine

Question 64

Cecum

Answer 64

Beginning of colon. Absorbs water and salts

Question 65

Cholesystokinin

Answer 65

Stimulates digestion of lipids and proteins