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Physical Education Studies > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

0
Q

Skeletal System Bones

A

Over 200

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1
Q

5 Main Functions of the Human Skeleton

A
  • Provides body with shape
  • Solid attachment point for muscles to provide movement
  • Protects vital organs
  • Stores essential minerals
  • Produces red blood cells
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2
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous bands that hold bones together

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3
Q

Long Bones

A
  • Tubular
  • Hollow
  • Cylindrical shaft with knobbly ends
  • Hollow cavity is filled with marrow where blood cells are produced
  • Eg. Femur, Radius, Phalanges
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4
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Spongy tissue
  • Hard surface
  • Round to enable a large range of movement
  • Eg. Carpals, Tarsals
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5
Q

Flat Bones

A
  • Broad, flat
  • Function is to protect organs
  • Provide large surfaces for muscle attachment
  • Eg. Scapula, Skull, Sternum
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6
Q

Irregular Bones

A
  • Varying shape
  • Reinforced in areas where additional strength is needed
  • Eg. Vertebrae
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7
Q

Major Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  • Breathing (to deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs)
  • Allows a gaseous exchange within the lungs (in alveoli)
  • To create speech
  • To facilitate a sense of smell
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8
Q

Respiratory’s 3 Sections

A
  • The air passages
  • The lungs
  • The diaphragm
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9
Q

Gaseous Exchange Process

A
  • Oxygen enters lungs and goes into alveoli
  • Oxygen pressure is lower in venous blood than in alveoli
  • Always moves from high to low pressure areas (Diffusion)
  • CO2 moves from capillaries to alveoli
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10
Q

Diffusion

A
  • Occur in cell because of one cell thickness capillary walls and the alveoli
  • After gaseous exchange oxygenated blood returns to the heart
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11
Q

Trachea (Windpipe)

A
  • Carries air between pharynx and thorax to lungs
  • Reinforced with cartilage to remain open
  • Lined with mucous and cilia to cleanse air
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12
Q

Larynx (Voice box)

A
  • Contains vocal cords
  • Surrounded by thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis guards trachea so good doesn’t enter
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13
Q

Nasal Cavity

A
  • Takes air from atmosphere and prepares it for the body
  • Warms and filters air
  • Cilia (fine hairs) keep air clean
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14
Q

Bronchial Tubes (Bronchi)

A
  • Branch left and right from trachea

- Enter corresponding lung into bronchioles

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15
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Between air and food

- Divides into oseophageous (carries good to stomach) and trachea (carries air towards lungs)

16
Q

Bronchioles

A
  • Small airways that divide into alveoli
17
Q

Air Passages

A
  • Carries oxygen to lungs
18
Q

Gaseous Exchange in Lungs

A
  • Absorption of oxygen by body and return of CO2

- Occurs in alveoli

19
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Involuntary smooth muscle
  • At base of chest, contracts and relaxes
  • Enables inspiration and expiration
20
Q

Plura

A
  • Thin membrane

- Prevents friction as lungs expand and contract

21
Q

Lungs

A
  • Encased in thorax
  • Protected by ribs, sternum, vertebrae
  • Separated from other organs by diaphragm
22
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Allow exchange of oxygen and CO2

- Walls of alveoli

23
Q

Biomechanics

A
  • Examines internal and external forces on the body that can affect performance
24
Q

Biomechanics Principles Applied to Movement

A
  • Phases: Preparation, Action, Follow Through

- Summation of movement applied to kicking, throwing etc

25
Q

Biomechanics Assist in Performance Enchancement

A
  • Help coaches make modifications based on body shape for performance
  • Provide guidelines for the selection of equipment for body shape and size
  • Reduce overuse or impact injuries
26
Q

5 Step Analysis

A
  • Preparation
  • Observation
  • Evaluation
  • Intervention
  • Re Observation
27
Q

Intervention

A
  • Use appropriate intervention to fix weaknesses

- Provide feedback on mechanical variables being practised

28
Q

Re Observation

A
  • Check strategies have been successful in modifying movement
29
Q

Frontal Plane

A
  • Divides body front and back
  • Anterior (front)
  • Posterior (back)
  • Enables to move left and right
  • Eg. Cartwheel, Grape Vine
30
Q

Transverse Plabs

A
  • Upper (Superior)
  • Lower (Inferior)
  • Enables turning, facing another direction (rotation)
31
Q

Sagittal Plane

A
  • Left and right
  • Move forwards and backwards
  • Between eyes
  • Divides sternum and vertebrae in half
  • Eg. Forward roll, jumping forward
32
Q

Evalution

A
  • Compose critical values of your ideal performance

- Prioritise practice to work on weaknesses

33
Q

Preparation

A
  • Understand the skill that needs to be analysed

- Identify critical variables associated with ideal performance

34
Q

Observation

A
  • Decide on the number of observations needed to make a decision in critical variables
  • Different locations/conditions to assess variables

Physical Education Studies (5 decks)

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