Semester One Exam

Question 0

Fit Body Characteristics

Answer 0

Higher work output
Effect heart and lungs
Additional energy reserves
Lower body fat
Good muscle fat
Lower resting heart rate
Decreased stress on body during physical activity
Faster recovery time

Question 1

Fitness

Answer 1

The capability of the heart blood vessel, lungs and muscles to function at optimal efficiency. Fitness aims to restore and support the normal physiological functioning of the body. Fitness is last through inactivity and age

Question 2

Health Related Components of Fitness

Answer 2

Cardio Respiratory Endurance
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility 
Body Composition

Question 3

Cardio Respiratory Endurance

Answer 3

The capacity of the body to be involved in continuous physical activity for an extended period of time. Tests to determine this are, VO2 Max Test, Harvard Step Test and Beep Test

Question 4

Muscular Strength

Answer 4

Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or a group of muscles to exert a force against a resistance in a singular muscular function Eg. grip test

Question 5

Muscular Endurance

Answer 5

Is the ability of a muscle or a muscle group to exert force repeatedly over an extended period of time or sustain a contract for an extended period of time. Sit ups, flexed arm hangs and push ups are examples of tests for it

Question 6

Flexibility

Answer 6

Capacity of a joint to move full range or bend, stretch and twist without injury eg sit and reach

Question 7

Body Composition

Answer 7

Indicates the percentage of fat, muscle and bone that make up body weight. Tests; skin measurements, specific gravity method and body mass index

Question 8

Performance Related Components of Fitness

Answer 8

Power
Speed
Agility 
Reaction Time
Co-ordination
Balance

Question 9

Power

Answer 9

Muscle power is the ability to real release maximum force quickly. Combination of strength and speed to produce an explosive action. Test; standing long jump and standing vertical jump

Question 10

Speed

Answer 10

Ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time. Tests: sprints

Question 11

Agility

Answer 11

Change the position of the body quickly and efficiently whilst retaining balance; Illinois Agility Run

Question 12

Reaction Time

Answer 12

Time between receiving a signal to move and the actual physical response; ruler dropping test

Question 13

Co-ordination

Answer 13

Ability of the boy sense, nervous systems and muscles to perform specific movements smoothly and accurately; juggling

Question 14

Balance

Answer 14

Maintaining the body equilibrium whilst stationary or in motion; beam balance

Question 15

Improving Fitness

Answer 15

Differences in abilities may differ because of genetic limitation and influences from previous experiences

Question 16

Training

Answer 16

Warm Up
Conditioning Phase
Cool Down

Question 17

Warm Up

Answer 17

Reduces risk of muscle injury and soreness
Increases blood flow
Increases body temperature
Lubricates muscles and joints
Decreases muscle tension
Stimulates heart and lungs moderately
Alerts nervous system to fit physical and mental demands

Question 18

Conditioning Phase

Answer 18

Intensity to reach 70-85% of maximum heart rate

Intensity and duration caries on fitness level

Question 19

Cool Down

Answer 19

Slowly bringing intensity down until 100bpm
Followed by stretching to reduce risk of injury and soreness
Effective cool downs decrease body temperature and heart rate

Question 20

Classification of Motor Skills

Answer 20

Classified according to particular characteristics and factors that need to be taken into account in individuals performance

Question 21

Elements to Classify Skills

Answer 21

Muscle involvement 
Continuity 
Pacing 
Environmental Impact
Complexity

Question 22

Muscle Involvement

Answer 22

Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups in the movement of the whole body; running and swimming

Fine motor skills involve small movements of specific body parts and require precision and control; darts, archery

Question 23

Continuity

Answer 23

The continuum for continuity has three key points;
Discrete
Serial
Continuous

Question 24

Discrete (Continuity)

Answer 24

Discrete skills have a distinct beginning and end Short in duration Eg. forward roll, throw, kick

Question 25

Serial (Continuity)

Answer 25

Serial skills are made up of a number of discrete skills Performed in a particular order to make one integrated movement Lay up

Question 26

Continuous (Continuity)

Answer 26

Continuous skills have no distinct beginning to end Can be continued for as long as wishes Running swimming

Question 27

Pacing

Answer 27

The continuum for pacing takes into account the performers control over timing of the skill

Question 28

Self Paced (Pacing)

Answer 28

Self paced skills, where the timing of the skill is entirely controlled by the performer eg tennis serve

Question 29

Externally Paced (Pacing)

Answer 29

Factors outside of the control of the performer determine timing and execution of the skill eg batting in cricket

Question 30

Environmental Impact

Answer 30

The continuum for environmental impact is based on the extent to which environmental conditions affect the performance of the skill; open or closed

Question 31

Closed Skills (EI)

Answer 31

Closed skills are performed in stable, predictable environment No uncertainty or change in conditions Eg free throw, diving or weight lighting

Question 32

Open Skills (EI)

Answer 32

Are those in which the conditions of the game are continually moving and being varied by what is going on around the performer eg team sports, weather

Question 33

Complexity

Answer 33

The continuum for complexity ranged from simple to complex Running is simple Lay up is complex

Question 34

Factors Affecting Complexity

Answer 34

``` Number of cues Amount of info being processed Number of decisions being made Speed and accuracy required Degree of coordination required Type bad timing of feedback ```

Question 35

Fitts and Posner Model

Answer 35

The process of developing from an unskilled performed into a skills one and it involves three phases; cognitive, associative and autonomous

Question 36

Cognitive Phase

Answer 36

Athlete tries to gain understanding of process Errors are large in number and size Athlete has little capacity to correct own errors Instructions and feedback is beneficial

Question 37

Associative Phase

Answer 37

``` Able to perform basic skill Better able to adjust to the environment when performing Errors are less in number and size Begins to detect and correct errors Encourage to use their own feedback ```

Question 38

Autonomous

Answer 38

Doesn't consciously think about their specific movement of skill Perform other tasks at same time Low performance variability Detect and correct errors

Question 39

Skill

Answer 39

Used to describe element of sport/game/activity and the ability to carry out a task and imply the quality of performance of task; cognitive or motor

Question 40

Cognitive

Answer 40

Mental skill that larger involved the though process eg chess

Question 41

Motor

Answer 41

Learnt ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum efficiency and minimal outlay of energy. Physical skill that require body movement eg running

Question 42

Essential Elements of Skill

Answer 42

Skill involves a complex sequence of movements Skill is learned; requiring practice and results from experience Skill is goal directed Skilled performer achieves predetermined results with consistency Skill results in precise and co ordinated movement which is economic and efficient

Question 43

Characteristics of a Skilled Movement

Answer 43

The characteristics of a skilled movement relate to increased speed, accuracy and consistency of execution of the skill. Skill is relative to the individual

Question 44

Perceptive Sense

Answer 44

Ability to interpret sensory information and rapidly discriminate between irrelevant and relevant cues

Question 45

Kinaesthetic Sense

Answer 45

Ability to feel the body during the performance of the skill

Question 46

Anticipated

Answer 46

Ability to predict what might happen and respond accordingly

Question 47

Timing

Answer 47

Ability to predict what might happen and respond accordingly

Question 48

Timing

Answer 48

Ability to effectively join movements together into a sequence

Question 49

Learning Process

Answer 49

Four main processes; perceiving, deciding, acting and evaluating

Question 50

Perceiving

Answer 50

Data is received by sight, hearing and touch Go to brain which makes sense of it Cumulative effect of these give performed perception on what is required

Question 51

Deciding (Process)

Answer 51

Makes sense of data and formulated response Perceptual Mechanism - organises and interprets sensory information Decision Making Mech- decisions are made for appropriate physical response Effector mechanism - initiates and controls movement

Question 52

Acting (Response)

Answer 52

Signals neuromuscular system to respond accordingly; in order to perform necessary movements

Question 53

Evaluating (Feedback)

Answer 53

Performer will receive feedback from coach/observer regarding success Feedback is then compared against what the ideal movement was and adjustments are made accordingly