MID TERM Flashcards
(22 cards)
Who wrote the first major criminological publication to explicitly recognize and attempt to theorize the phenomenon of a conceptual link between offending and victimization
Von Hentig
The extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization
Victim Precipitation
The unconscious or irresponsible action of the victim that leads to their victimization
Victim Facilitation
The individual acted is such a way as to incite someone to commit a criminal offense against him or her. If it were not for the action of the victim, the victimization would not have occurred.
Victim Provocation
What are the three traits of high-rate offenders
Elevated risk of accidental death
Prematurely die of natural causes
Involved in non-lethal accidents
When most people try to explain criminal behavior, their natural tendency is to….
Thank about the offender
Communities are based on both cultural and structural features
Structural features are subdivided into compositional and social features
Cultural features are the language, values, norms
A strong social fabric
Might be a good antidote for criminal offending
What are the reasons for racial discrepancy believed to be?
Economic dislocation and social marginalization
Where do Hispanics violent crimes tend to fall
Between whites on the low end and blacks on the high end
What social factor that has been identified as a strong correlate of cross-community variation in crime rates
Collective efficacy
Communities with high levels of collective efficacy have been found to have lower rates of what
Violence and homicides
What is the code of the street
A way to establish a status hierarchy within the community
What becomes apparent when studying the spatial distribution of crime
Crime is extremely concentrated by place
What crime is almost always associated with violent career offenders in impoverished neighborhoods
Carjacking
Places (ex. New Orleans)
Make things seem rational but would be irrational anywhere else
Based on what, do offenders assume they can continue to commit crimes in a specific place
Their past ability to do so and by their feel for what the neighborhood residents with tolerate
How people interpret their space is at the heart of what theoretical approach to crime
Defensible space approach
Access to what is important and adds to confidence, security, and opportunity in communities
Grapevine
Which theory examines pattern convergences of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and an absence of capable guardian
Routine activities theory
What is one of the most important elements in the decision to commit crime
The psychological process of sanitizing the conscious
Before an offender can commit a crime, he must mentally justify their act in a way that normal people might accept. What is an example
I live in poverty and needed to steal in order to feed my children
