MID TERM

Question 1

Very large, family-held Korean conglomerates that have considerable political and economic power

Answer 1

Chaebols

Question 2

A political and economic community consisting of 28 member states

Answer 2

European Union

Question 3

Investment in property, plant, or equipment in another country

Answer 3

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Question 4

The process of social, political, economic, cultural, and technological integration among countries around the world

Answer 4

Globalization

Question 5

Process of applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment and adapting management practices to different economic, political, and cultural contexts

Answer 5

International management

Question 6

An organizational arrangement in Japan in which a large group of vertically integrated companies bound together by cross-ownership, interlocking directorates, and social ties provide goods and services to end users

Answer 6

Keiretsu

Question 7

Process of completing activities efficiently and effectively with and through other people

Answer 7

Management

Question 8

Factory, mostly located in Mexican border towns, that imports materials and equipment on a duty- and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and re-export

Answer 8

Maquiladora

Question 9

A Japanese government agency that identifies and ranks national commercial pursuits and guides the distribution of national resources to meet these goals

Answer 9

Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)

Question 10

A firm having operations in more than one country, international sales, and a nationality mix among managers and owners

Answer 10

MNC

Question 11

A free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that has removed most barriers to trade and investment

Answer 11

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) also, updates version is United States Mexico and Canada Act (USMCA)

Question 12

The process by which companies undertake some activities at offshore locations instead of in their countries of origin

Answer 12

Offshoring

Question 13

The subcontracting or contracting out of activities to external organizations that had previously been performed by the firm

Answer 13

Outsourcing

Question 14

A proposed trade agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam.

Answer 14

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

Question 15

The global organization of countries that oversees rules and regulations for international trade and investment

Answer 15

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 16

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that all acts of other governments are considered to be valid by U.S. courts, even if such acts are illegal or inappropriate under U.S. law

Answer 16

Act of state doctrine

Question 17

Law that is derived from Roman law and is found in the non-Islamic and nonsocialist countries

Answer 17

Civil or code law

Question 18

The political philosophy that views the needs or goals of society as a whole as more important than individual desires

Answer 18

Collectivism

Question 19

Law that derives from English law and is the foundation of legislation in the United States, Canada, and England, among other nations

Answer 19

Common law

Question 20

A political system in which the government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections

Answer 20

Democracy

Question 21

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that there must be mutual respect for the laws, institutions, and governments of other countries in the matter of jurisdiction over their own citizens

Answer 21

Doctrine of comity

Question 22

An act that makes it illegal to influence foreign officials through personal payment or political contributions; became U.S. law in 1977 because of concerns over bribes in the international business arena

Answer 22

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

Question 23

The political philosophy that people should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint

Answer 23

Individualism

Question 24

Law that is derived from interpretation of the Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and is found in most Islamic countries

Answer 24

Islamic law

Question 25

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every country has jurisdiction over its citizens no matter where they are located

Answer 25

Nationality Principle

Question 26

An international principle of law which holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit

Answer 26

Principle of sovereignty

Question 27

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every country has jurisdiction over behavior that adversely affects its national security, even if the conduct occurred outside that country

Answer 27

Protective principle

Question 28

A moderate form of collectivism in which there is government ownership of institutions, and profit is not the ultimate goal

Answer 28

Socialism

Question 29

Law that comes from the Marxist socialist system and continues to influence regulations in countries formerly associated with the Soviet Union as well as China

Answer 29

Socialist law

Question 30

A jurisdictional principle of international law which holds that every nation has the right of jurisdiction within its legal territory

Answer 30

Territoriality principle

Question 31

A political system in which there is only one representative party which exhibits control over every facet of political and human life

Answer 31

Totalitarianism

Question 32

The system by which business corporations are directed and controlled

Answer 32

Corporate governance

Question 33

The actions of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct interests of the firm

Answer 33

Corporate social responsibility (CSR

Question 34

The study of morality and standards of conduct

Answer 34

Ethics

Question 35

An organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries obtain better trading conditions and promote sustainability

Answer 35

Fair trade

Question 36

Private, not-for-profit organizations that seek to serve society’s interests by focusing on social, political, and economic issues such as poverty, social justice, education, health, and the environment

Answer 36

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Question 37

Development that meets current needs without harming the future

Answer 37

Sustainability

Question 38

A culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions

Answer 38

Achievement culture

Question 39

A culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is

Answer 39

Ascription culture

Question 40

The tendency of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty

Answer 40

Collectivism

Question 41

Refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group

Answer 41

Communitarianism

Question 42

Acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior

Answer 42

Culture

Question 43

A culture in which public space and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well

Answer 43

Diffuse culture

Question 44

A culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally

Answer 44

Emotional culture

Question 45

A cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life

Answer 45

Femininity

Question 46

A multicountry study and evaluation of cultural attributes and leadership behaviors among more than 17,000 managers from 951 organizations in 62 countries

Answer 46

GLOBE

Question 47

The tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only

Answer 47

Individualism

Question 48

A cultural characteristic in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things

Answer 48

Masculinity

Question 49

A culture in which emotions are held in check

Answer 49

Neutral culture

Question 50

The belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and that something cannot be done the same everywhere

Answer 50

Particularism

Question 51

The extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally

Answer 51

Power distance

Question 52

A culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates

Answer 52

Specific culture

Question 53

The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these

Answer 53

Uncertainty avoidance

Question 54

The belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification

Answer 54

Universalism

Question 55

Basic convictions that people have regarding what is right and wrong, good and bad, important and unimportant

Answer 55

Values

Question 56

A nationalistic philosophy of management whereby the values and interests of the parent company guide strategic decisions

Answer 56

Ethnocentric predisposition

Question 57

A philosophy of management whereby the company tries to integrate a global systems approach to decision making

Answer 57

Geocentric predisposition

Question 58

A belief that one worldwide approach to doing business is the key to both efficiency and effectiveness

Answer 58

Globalization imperative

Question 59

Chinese for “good connections”

Answer 59

Guanxi

Question 60

The tendency to view the world through one’s own eyes and perspectives

Answer 60

Parochialism

Question 61

A philosophy of management whereby strategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the MNC operates

Answer 61

Polycentric predisposition

Question 62

A philosophy of management whereby the firm tries to blend its own interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis

Answer 62

Regiocentric predisposition

Question 63

The process of exhibiting the same orientation toward different cultural groups

Answer 63

Simplification

Question 64

A group in which two or more members represent each of two distinct cultures, such as four Mexicans and four Taiwanese who have formed a team to investigate the possibility of investing in a venture

Answer 64

Bicultural Group

Question 65

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the task

Answer 65

Eiffel Tower culture

Question 66

A culture that is characterized by a strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the person

Answer 66

Family culture

Question 67

Consensus reached because of social conformity and pressures on individual members of a group to conform to group norms

Answer 67

Groupthink

Question 68

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality in the workplace and orientation to the task

Answer 68

Guided missile culture

Question 69

A group in which members have similar backgrounds and generally perceive, interpret, and evaluate events in similar ways

Answer 69

Homogeneous group

Question 70

A culture that is characterized by strong emphasis on equality and orientation to the person

Answer 70

Incubator culture

Question 71

A group in which there are individuals from three or more different ethnic backgrounds, such as three U.S., three German, three Uruguayan, and three Chinese managers who are looking into mining operations in South Africa

Answer 71

Multicultural group

Question 72

Shared values and beliefs that enable members to understand their roles in and the norms of the organization

Answer 72

Organizational culture

Question 73

A group in which all members but one have the same background, such as a group of Japanese retailers and a British attorney

Answer 73

Token group

Question 74

The use of color to communicate messages

Answer 74

Chromatics

Question 75

The way in which time is used in a culture

Answer 75

Chronemics

Question 76

The process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver

Answer 76

Communication

Question 77

Information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message

Answer 77

Context

Question 78

Bargaining that occurs when two parties with opposing goals compete over a set value

Answer 78

Distributive negotiations

Question 79

The transmission of information from superior to subordinate

Answer 79

Downward communication

Question 80

Communicating through the use of bodily contact

Answer 80

Haptics

Question 81

Bargaining that involves cooperation between two groups to integrate interests, create value, and invest in the agreement

Answer 81

Integrative negotiation

Question 82

Distance between people that is used for very confidential communications

Answer 82

Intimate distance

Question 83

The study of communication through body movement and facial expression

Answer 83

Kinesics

Question 84

A time schedule in which things are done in a linear fashion

Answer 84

Monochronic time schedule

Question 85

Bargaining with one or more parties for the purpose of arriving at a solution acceptable to all

Answer 85

Negotiation

Question 86

The transfer of meaning through means such as body language and the use of physical space

Answer 86

Nonverbal communication

Question 87

The area of communication that deals with conveying messages through the use of eye contact and gaze

Answer 87

Oculesics

Question 88

A person's view of reality

Answer 88

Perception

Question 89

In communicating, the physical distance used for talking with family and close friends

Answer 89

Personal distance

Question 90

A time schedule in which people tend to do several things at the same time and place higher value on personal involvement than on getting things done on time

Answer 90

Polychronic time schedule

Question 91

The study of the way people use physical space to convey messages

Answer 91

Proxemics

Question 92

In communicating, the distance used when calling across the room or giving a talk to a group

Answer 92

Public distance

Question 93

In communicating, the distance used to handle most business transactions

Answer 93

Social distance

Question 94

The transfer of meaning from subordinate to superior

Answer 94

Upward communication