Mid-Term questions

Question 1

The only source of new genetic material in any population is

Answer 1

Mutation

Question 2

The term biocultural evolution refers to:

Answer 2

The interaction between biology and culture in human evolution

Question 3

Of the 5 forces of evolution ________is the strongest and _______ is the weakest.

Answer 3

Natural selection and Mutation

Question 4

At a SINGLE LOCUS, an individual in a population of 100 people can have _____ alleles

Answer 4

2

Question 5

In the hardy weinberg equation, the symbol P represents

Answer 5

Dominant allele frequency

Question 6

The sex of an offspring depends on whether:

Answer 6

The sperm carries an X or Y chromosome

Question 7

If a single gene has multiply effects on the phenotype, this is referred to as:

Answer 7

Pleiotropy

Question 8

What units do we use to study evolution?

Answer 8

individuals, Genes, Chromosomes, Populations

Question 9

Dominant alleles are always:

Answer 9

Expressed in the heterozygous genotypes

Question 10

The unit of the selection is the

Answer 10

Individual

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to DNA? 
A. It is a macromolecule
b. it never leaves the nucleus
c. its base sequences never change
d. Its shape is double-helix

Answer 11

its base sequences never change

Question 12

A humane gamete contains ____ chromosomes

Answer 12

23

Question 13

The outward, measurable, expression of an organisms, genetic makeup is called its:

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

If a person with AB type blood mates with a person who has O type blood, which type blood could not appear among their children: 
A
O
B
AB
Neither B or D could appear
All could appear

Answer 14

Neither B or D could appear

Question 15

which of the following is not a kind of chromosomal mutation?

Answer 15

Transduction

Question 16

A change in gene frequency over time defines

Answer 16

evolution

Question 17

Two of the three kinds of point mutations are

Answer 17

Addition and ?

Question 18

Differential mortality and fertility defines the evolutionary force known as

Answer 18

natural selection

Question 19

the ______ is the basic building blocks to DNA molecule

Answer 19

Nucleotides

Question 20

A matched set of chromosomes are called

Answer 20

Homologous pairs

Question 21

The space a gene occupies on a chromosome is called the

Answer 21

loci

Question 22

mRNA is made during the ________ phase of protein synthesis

Answer 22

transcription

Question 23

a ________________ is the numeric indicator of the genetic make-up of a population

Answer 23

Gene type frequency

Question 24

a _______________ is the maintenance of two or more alleles in a population because of heterozygous advantage

Answer 24

Balance Polymorphism

Question 25

codon

Answer 25

Triplets of messenger RNA bases that code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 26

Genetic drift

Answer 26

Evolutionary changes, or changes in allele frequencies. That are produced by rondom factors in small populations. Genetic drift is a result of small population size

Question 27

Zygote

Answer 27

A cell formed by the union of an egg cell and sperm cell.

Question 28

mRNA

Answer 28

a form of RNA that assembled on a sequence of DNA bases

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

The type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis

Question 30

Mutation

Answer 30

a change in DNA

Question 31

Gene flow

Answer 31

Exchange of gene between populations

Question 32

Founders effect

Answer 32

A type of genetic drift in which allele frequencies are altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remnants of, larger population

Question 33

protein synthesis

Answer 33

The assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules. The process is directed by DNA

Question 34

Somatic cells

Answer 34

Basically, all the cells in the body except those involved with reproduction

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

Specialized proteins that initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body

Question 36

Transcription

Answer 36

the formation of mRNA, the DNA code is being copied, or transcribed

Question 37

Meiosis

Answer 37

Cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes called gametes.

Question 38

Mitosis

Answer 38

Simple cell division. The process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells.

Question 39

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why is it useful concept? What five conditions must be met before a population can achieve HWE?

Answer 39

Essay questions

Question 40

What are Mendel's two principles of inheritance? In your own words describe each. List 2 genetic factors we now know makes genetic inheritance more complicated than Mendel was aware of.

Answer 40

essay questions

Question 41

Discuss why sickle-cell anemia is a good example of evolution in modern human. Be sure to include at least one cultural issue relevant to this example.

Answer 41

Essay questions

Question 42

As a taxonomic order, primates:

Answer 42

have generalized traits

Question 43

______ rule is a general principle that states that individuals of the same species should demonstrate darker skin pigmentation closer to equator

Answer 43

Gogers

Question 44

The correct way of writing the binomen of a common chimpanzee is

Answer 44

Pan droglodyt

Question 45

______ is a term that refers to an individual´s relative reproduction success

Answer 45

fitness

Question 46

______ are short-term, reversible changes in the phenotype that are the results of specific environmental stresses.

Answer 46

Acclimatory adjustments

Question 47

What are homologous structures and what are analogous structures? Give an example of each.

Answer 47

Essay questions