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Mid-Terms terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Who is Martin Luther?

A

German monk; initiated the Protestant Refimation. He believed salvation was a free gift from God obtained by having faith in Jesus Christ’s death and resurrection.

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1
Q

What is the Protestant Reformation and what year did it occur?

A

The movement led by Martin Luther; caused a spiritual reawakening of Europe; a result of Luther’s realization that salvation was a free gift and Catholicism teachings were wrong. It occurred in the 1500’s.

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2
Q

(Matching) Who is John Smith?

A

enforced the kind of discipline necessary for the survival of Jamestown.

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3
Q

(Matching) Who is Montezuma?

A

Aztec King who , after hearing of the Spanish arrival sent them gifts

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4
Q

(Matching) Who is Ferdinand Magellon?

A

determined that he could reach the Spice Islands of the East by sailing south around the Americas.

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5
Q

(Matching) Who is Hernando Cortez?

A

the first great conquistador;captured Montezuma and eventually crushed the Aztec resistance.

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6
Q

(Matching) Who is Francis Drake?

A

was a target because of bitterness over Catholic Spain’s military threat made Spanish New World

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7
Q

(Matching) Who is Juan Ponce de Leon?

A

Found Florida; was a Spaniard

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8
Q

(Matching) Who is Christopher Columbus?

A

Sailed east to reach Asai but instead discovered a New World. Was funded by Queen Isabella.

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9
Q

(Matching) Who is Walter Raleigh?

A

compiled for Queen Elizabeth a list of arguments favoring the colonization of North America. Supported both expeditions to Roanoke Island.

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10
Q

(Matching) Who is Hernando de Soto?

A

Discovered the Mississippi River

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11
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

the economic system during the age of exploration and colonization whereby colonies were exploited for the benefits and wealth they could bring to the mother country. It stands on two beliefs: 1. a nation’s wealth consisted of precious metals, especially gold. 2. A country can influence it wealth by taking the precious metals from other countries.

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12
Q

What is the Mayflower Compact?

A

bound the settlers into a “civill body politick” by which they agreed to submit to the laws and the duly elected leadership of the colony.The first type of self government in America.

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13
Q

What is a charter colony?

A

A colony specifically governed by a trade company that received its authorization from the king.

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14
Q

What is a royal colony?

A

A colony controlled directly by the King

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15
Q

What is a proprietary colony?

A

A colony that the king appointed a proprietor or proprietors to govern a colony.

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16
Q

What is the Half-Way Covenant?

A

Church members who had not owned the covenant but whose lives were outwardly moral could present their children for baptism. It served only to increase the number of unregenerate church members.

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17
Q

What are the Fundament Orders of Conneticut?

A

the first written constitution in America; established a framework for representative self-government in Connecticut.

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18
Q

What is indenture?

A

A work contract.

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19
Q

What is a covenant?

A

legally binding relationship with God

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20
Q

Who is William Penn?

A

A Quaker in Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania was his by product. Supported separation of church and state.

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21
Q

Who is Henry Hudson?

A

Claimed New York for the Dutch and called it New Netherlands

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22
Q

Who is John Winthrop?

A

governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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23
Q

What was the purpose of Massachusetts Bay colony?

A

was to be a Christian community in the most thorough sense of both of those words—Christian and community. Every member of the community—pastor and pa- rishioner alike—would contribute to the success of the whole.

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24
What is Harvard College?
was established near Boston to train young men for the ministry.
25
What is the House of Burgesses?
lifting of martial law and the granting of full rights to the colonists led to the formation of a representative assembly;first self-governing assembly in the New World.
26
What is the Great Wagon Road?
an old Iroquois Indian trail through the wilderness;the chief access to backcountry settlements from Virginia to Georgia
27
What is "colonial style"?
Also known as Williamsburg style; the then century-old English Tudor-style construction.
28
What are puritans?
a group of Anglicans who wanted to purify the state church from within by pushing for reforms that would rid England of Romanist influences and bring greater spiritual vitality to the nation.
29
What are pilgrims?
Came to America on the mayflower; They had left their houses and lands and crossed an ocean to worship God freely.
30
What type of fashion did the colonists bring to America?
Powdered wigs
31
What is an important Native American food?
Corn
32
Who brought potatoes to America?
Irish
33
What is Scot-Irish, why did the come to America, and where did they live in America?
Presbyterian Scots from the Protestant colony of Ulster in Northern Ireland. Economic hard times and religious intolerance sent as many as a quarter-million Ulstermen to the colonies. They lived mostly in the backcountry.
34
What were the Germans, why did they come to America, and where did they live in America?
Many were Baptist or "Dunkers". Most of the Germans were Protestants from the Rhineland Palatinate (a region in southwestern Germany) who, tiring of the incessant raids by French Catholic armies under Louis XIV. Mostly lived in the backcountry.
35
How did the English colonists feel about the Scots-Irish and German?
They felt as if they were foreigners and even though they stayed in the backcountry they felt uncomfortable with them there.
36
What are High Church Anglicans?
held that the church’s traditional practices, notably its rule by bishops, were divinely ordained. 
37
What are low church Anglicans?
agreed doctrinally with the Puritans but saw no problem with the church’s ceremonies and structure.
38
What is congregational polity?
each congregation elected its own officers, and each church remained independent of other churches. 
39
What are Baptists?
grew slowly at first, and they suffered persecution from colonial authorities, particularly in Massachusetts and Virginia; emphasized the idea of baptism.
40
What are Quakers?
The Society of Friends, originated with the Englishman George Fox. Sat in silence and waited for the Inner Light to move one member to give a word of testimony or exhortation. 
41
What is a boycott?
refusals to buy British goods
42
What are quartering acts?
which officially subjected the colonies to a standing army in peacetime and further required that the colonists help supply provisions for it. 
43
What are the Townshend Acts?
proposed direct taxes on glass, paint, paper, and tea. 
44
What is the stamp act?
levied the first internal tax 
45
What is the sugar act?
This act placed a tariff, or tax, on certain goods imported into the colonies, such as sugar, molasses, and coffee.
46
What is internal tax?
a tax on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies
47
What is power of the purse?
salaries for royal officials, military appropriations, and taxes had to pass the scrutiny of elected officeholders.
48
What is the Boston Massacre?
infamous incident in which the British redcoats killed five unarmed Patriots in 1770
49
What is the Fort Duquesne?
at the Forks of the Ohio; located in a low area, the fort allowed the French to fire directly into it from nearby heights. George Washington was not prepared for this and was forced to surrender 
50
What is the French and Indian War?
the decisive conflict fought from 1754 to 1763 in which the French sided with the Indians against the English colonists.
51
What is the treaty of Paris?
was the Confederation’s greatest triumph in foreign affairs. It forced England to recognized America as an independent state.
52
What is the Treaty of Ultretcht?
ended the fighting on both sides of the Atlantic in 1713. 
53
What is the Committee of Correspondence?
Under the guidance of Samuel Adams, the committee provided information on British threats to liberty to other areas of the colony.
54
What is the Boston Tea Party?
Colonists dressed as Indians and dumped 342 large cases of tea into the harbor. 
55
What are the Intolerable Acts?
Also known as the Coercive Acts; intended to punish and subjugate the troublesome colony.
56
What is the Continental Congress?
 Unperturbed, the legislators simply reconvened in the Apollo Room of the nearby Raleigh Tavern, where they adopted a resolution
57
What is the Declaration of American Rights?
stated that the colonies must be autonomous, or self-governing, in nearly every respect
58
Why did we loose at the battle of Bunker Hill?
We ran out of ammo
59
What is Common Sense?
A book by Thomas Paine. Stated that the States need their own freedom from the monarchy.
60
Who is Thomas Paine?
Author of Common Sense;an Englishman who had lived in America little more than a year; yet he put Patriot thinking into words that fired their will.
61
Why did Washington defend New York?
To gain moral and support
62
What is Princeton?
the College of New Jer- sey (now Princeton University), which was chartered the year that William Tennent died (1746).
63
What is the Saratoga Campaign?
The turning point in the war in which we gained France as an ally.
64
What is the Declaration of Independence?
listed the grievances that Americans had against the king, and stated universal principles that would shape the character and direction of the emerging nation.
65
Who is Benedict Arnold?
An American traitor who tried to sell a fort to the British,
66
Who is Swamp Fox?
His real name is Francis Marion; used guerrilla warfare in swamps to take out the British.
67
What are guerrilla warfare?
sudden surprise attacks by small, hidden groups
68
What is the Article of Confederation?
opted by congress in 1781. It was weak because of jealously over power, the states were afraid that one state would have more power than them.Supported limited government.
69
What is Unicameral?
having only one house 
70
What is bicameral?
Two house congress
71
What is Limited Government?
The underlying theme of the Constitution.
72
What are the Separation of Powers?
the division of the government into three separate branches: the legislative branch , the executive branch, and the judicial branch.
73
What are Checks and Balances?
thwarts such an accumu- lation of power by establishing a balance of power among the three branches.
74
What is Federalism?
the division of power between national and state levels of government.
75
What is Popular Sovereignty?
the idea that the ultimate source of gov- ernmental power lies in the people
76
What is the Preamble?
The introduction to the constitution
77
What is the electoral college?
Under this constitutional provision, each state has a number of electors equal to the state’s representation in Congress.
78
What are the amendments?
changes to the Constitution, are also an expression of the people’s sovereignty.
79
What are the Bill of Rights?
the first ten amendments
80
What is a cabinet?
an advisory body
81
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
Wrote the ordinance of 1784 and Chosen to head the Department of State
82
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
Chosen to be secretary of the treasury
83
Who is James Madison?
a leader in the House of Representatives
84
What is the Judicial Branch?
the branch of the United States government responsible for the administration of justice
85
What is the Supreme Court?
mustered little power or respect during its first few years
86
What is funding?
proposed that the federal government give bonds paying six percent interest to those to whom the Continental Congress owed money for goods or military services provided during the war.
87
What is assumption?
the national government’s takeover of all state debts—had a rougher passage through Congress
88
What is a national bank?
The first issue about debate over the constitution
89
Who are democratic republicans?
viewed themselves as the last line of defense between Federalist “tyranny” and American liberty. Small farmers, small shopkeepers, frontier settlers, craftsmen from South and West. Suspicious of aristocrats.
90
What is Jay's Treaty?
Averted war with Britain
91
What are the whiskey rebellions?
Farmers opposable to the internal tax on alcoholic beverages.
92
What did Washington warn about in its farewell address?
He said to steer clear of permanent alliances with other countries
93
Who is Daniel Boone?
A Kentucky Backwoodsman
94
What are the Kentucky Resolutions?
Written by Jefferson in November 1798, and opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts
95
What are the Virginian resolutions?
Written by James Madison, and opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts
96
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The Alien Acts gave the president greatly expanded powers to expel or imprison such undesirables. The Sedition Act not only outlined penalties for antigovernment activities such as riots but also made it illegal to speak or write anything 

United States History (15 decks)

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