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Mid Year Additional Flashcards

1
Q

AIIMS/IMS means what?

A

Australian Inter-service Incident Management System
Incident Management System

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2
Q

Purpose of AIIMS/IMS

A

Manage Incident from start to finish

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3
Q

Functional Management of AIIMS

Control
Planning
Logistics
Operation
Public information

A

Control. Management of all activities required to resolve incident.
Planning. Development of objectives strategies and plans to resolve incident based on collected info.
Logistics. Acquire resources facilities service and materials to resolve incident.
Operations. Apply and task the acquired resources to resolve incident.
Public Infromation. Warnings info and advice to public to affected communities.

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4
Q

What does SMART stand for

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time Framed

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5
Q

Explain what Geographical Sectors are.

A

Sector 1 Front of building
Sector 2 LHS of building
Sector 3 Rear of building
Sector 4 RHS of building

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6
Q

Occ Hazrads
LPG what is it?

A

Liquified Petroleum Gas

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7
Q

Occ Hazards
If powered by LPG what does the vehicle need on the number plate?

A

1 red diamond if powered by 1 cylinder
2 red diamonds if powered by 2 cylinders

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8
Q

Occ Hazards
Vehicles converted to LPG on or after 1993 need what?

A

Acceptable LPG compliance plate as required by as1425

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9
Q

Occ Hazards
Requirements of LPG storage containers

A

Filling capacity of containers is 80% to allow for expansion caused by increase in temperature. LPG containers are fitted with pressure relief valves. Domestic cylinders 1.75MPa. Automotive cylinders 2.55MPa

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10
Q

Occ Hazards
What is natural Gas?

A

Derrived from decomposed plant and animal material that been trapped underground. Extracted by drilling its used for heating, cooking, lighting and industrial purposes.

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11
Q

Occ Hazards
Natural Gas Characteristics

A

85%-95% methane
Colourless & odourless (odorant added)
Vapour density = 0.55 (Air = 1)
LEL = 5%
UEL = 15%

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12
Q

Occ Hazards
What is a BLEVE

A

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion
Allows tank to vent pressure when being heated

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13
Q

Occ Hazards
What is a BUND

A

Bunds are walls surrounding flammable liquid tanks designed to contain spills if it should occur.

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14
Q

Occ Hazards
Can firefighters go inside a BUND

A

NO

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15
Q

Occ Hazards
What is the most common type of tank fire?

A

RIM fire is most common with tank that have floating roof. Can be caused by lightning. Cool water must be applied to outside of tank. Excessive water on roof could cause roof to sink resulting in full surface fire.

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16
Q

Occ Hazards
Name the two types of foam delivery systems

A

Foam Pourers
Monitors

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17
Q

Fire Dynamics
Exothermic

Endothermic

A

Exothermic is when heat is given off as a result of the reaction. eg combustion of wood.
Endothermic reaction absorbs heat to make surroundings cooler. eg ice melting

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18
Q

Fire Dynamics
Heat is the measure of what?

A

Energy

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19
Q

Fire dynamics
What 4 ways can heat be transferred?

A

Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Direct Burning

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20
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Convection

A

Transfer of heat through liquid or gas resulting in the displaced cooler air being drawn into the fire as the heat rises

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21
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Conduction

A

When a heat source is in direct contact with a material it transfers energy directly into it

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22
Q

Fire Dynamics
Define Radiation

A

Energy is emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves which travel through the air

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23
Q

Fire Dynamics
What is a major factor in fire growth?

A

RADIATION

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24
Q

Fire Dynamics
Heat Transfer deteriorates conditions within a structure by what?

A

Increasing fire intensity
Increasing heat
Increasing fire gases and fire gas temps
Reducing visibility
Reducing survival chances of all persons
Compromising fire fighter safety

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25
Fire Dynamics What is the expansion rate of steam
1:1700 at 100C 1:3500 at 450C
26
TIC Limitations of a TIC
Reflections Depth perception Stairs Glass
27
TIC What is thermal Inversion
A thermal representation of an object the changes from one shade to another by introducing a heat source in the background.
28
TIC What does the green square with a green triangle inside it mean on a TIC screen?
It appears when 10% of the display has heat in excess of 130C
29
Elements Of Fire Behaviour EOFB what are trhe 4 stages of a compartment fire
Developing stage Flashover stage Fully developed stage Decay stage
30
EOFB Define Flashover stage
The sudden and sustained transition from developing to fully developed
31
EOFB Define Neutral pressure plane
NPP is the interface of the over pressure and under pressure regions
32
EOFB Signs of a flashover include
Adequate Ventilation Painful radiant heat Lowering Neutral plane Hot surfaces increased rate of pyrolysis increased turbulence of the NP Flaming occurs throughout the compartment A billowing effect from gases may be seen
33
EOFB Back draught
Back draught results from a severely under ventilated fire that is depleted of adequate air
34
EOFB Indicators of Back draught are?
History of fire Fire with limited of no ventilation Lack of visible flame Thick rolling black yellow white smoke Dirty brown smoke Smoke pulsating through small gaps Air being drawn in(whistle) Heavy sooting. blackening of the windows low NP
35
EOFB Fire gas ignition?
The formation of variable sized flammable fire gases may occur within the confines of a building. Fire gases may be ignited by sparks or embers blown into them. A fire gas ignition is an event that occurs in a separate compartment
36
EOFB Advantages of using water on a fire
Reduces fuel Reduces Heat Reduces oxygen(displaces)
37
EOFB Gas Cooling?
Pulses of water into the hot fire gases to cool them below their auto ignition temp to prevent further spread of fire
38
EOFB Gas cooling: Short pulse
Branch setting is wide spray Branch cracked then shut immediately Each pulse directed in different area
39
EOFB Gas cooling: Long pulse
Branch medium spray Use Longer pulse depending on penetration Aim pulse directly in over pressure area Large rm, aim at roof & wall junction
40
EOFB what is pyrolysis
Decomposition of a substance through the application of heat
41
EOFB What is Flashover
The sudden and sustained transition from developing fire to fully developed
42
EOFB Direct Attack
Applying Extinguishing method directly onto the burning fuel, using jet/spray
43
EOFB Indirect attack
Spraying water onto super-heated surfaces and or fire gases in a compartment to create a mass of steam that displaces the O2 and smothers the fire
44
Safe operation around water Dry Rescue
Throw a throw bag from a dry stable position
45
Safe operation around water What is the defensive swimming position?
Float on back facing downstream with feet close to surface. Feet can fend obstacles and patient can see ahead
46
Safe operation around water If you fall into the water what should you do?
Don't panic. life jacket will deploy within 5 seconds. Raise alarm by yelling/ waving Move into defensive swimming position
47
DEBRiS What does DEBRiS Stand for
Decontamination of FFs Entry/Exit of hot zones BA Service area Rehab/AV monitoring of FFs incident Accountability of all personnel Staging area of FFs and Appliances
48
DEBRiS Why use DEBRiS
We use DEBRiS to enhance FF safety and accountability. The adoption of an orderly process driven approach will support processes already used on the fire ground.
49
DEBRiS Doffing a Flash hood
1. Place 2 hands under the inside of the hood at the back of the head. 2. move hands up to start removing hood up and over the head. Ensure outside of hood stays away from skin
50
BA what does PACT stand for
PPE/PPC Air Communication's Tally Tag/Task
51
BA what are 8 of the 12 expectations of a FF when using BA
1. 2. Work in a Team of at least 2 2. E. Evacuation alarm sounds-Withdraw immediately 3. B. BA Don in fresh air. 4. R. Radio Select the designated fireground channel on radio 5. A. Air check /Time check periodically 6. T. Enter correct details on tally tag 7. T. Deposit tally tag at BA entry prior to entering building 8. T. Collect tally tag on exit of building
52
Seach & Rescue Rescue order of priority
1. Occupants most severely threatened 2. The largest group 3. The remaining occupants in building 4. The occupants in exposed areas
53
Search & Rescue What Is a Primary search?
A rapid but thorough search of all areas which can be entered safely to find and remove occupants to safety. Emphasis on speed but not at the expense of thoroughness
54
Search & Rescue What is a Secondary search?
Occurs once the situation is under control & the fire has been contained. A way to account for all occupants emphasising on thoroughness.
55
Search & Rescue Working in a smoke filled, dark & hot environment. What precautions should you take.
1. Work in pairs 2. Mark any unsafe areas 3. Progress on hands and knees 4. Shout fire brigade continuously 5. Don't move up n down too quickly
56
Search & Rescue If you become disorientated or lost what should you do?>
1. Sound BA distress signal 2. Operate personal radio distress button 3. Move away from source of danger 4. Move to an exit if you can find one 5. If possible, move down building, not up 6. Close doors behind you. 7. Use radio & contact incident controller 8. Locate hose line & follow to safety
57
Search & Rescue List 5 hazards you could find in a dark smoke filled environment?
1. Smoke 2. Voids 3. Electricity SVEGS 4. Glass 5. Syringes
58
Search & Rescue What are the methods of rescue without equipment?
Piggyback Backward drag. Human crutch Fore and aft carry 2 handed seat 3 handed seat 4 handed seat
59
Methods of Entry List 5 Actions you should take when braking a glass window
1. Use the flat part of the axe or other appropriate tool 2. Give a sharp but not hard blow to the top corner area of the pane of glass 3. Drive the glass into the room and not into those working below 4. Keep hand higher than the head of the axe to prevent pieces of glass slipping along the handle, causing cuts 5. Take all the glass out of the frame
60
Asbestos What are the 3 main types of Asbestos fibre used in Australia
1. Chrysotile (White) 2. Crocidolite (Blue) 3. Amosite (Brown)
61
Asbestos When was Asbestos banned in Australia
Dec 2003
62
Asbestos What is Friable asbestos
If it can be crumbled, Pulverised, or reduced into powder when dry
63
Asbestos What are risks of Asbestos
If it is Inhaled
64
Asbestos 2 main theories of how asbestos can cause disease
Threshold theory: Received high doses over long periods One fibre theory: 1 Fibre can cause disease
65
Asbestos The likelihood of being affected by asbestos is determined by the 3 Ds. What are they?
Dose (intensity) Dimension of Fibre Durability
66
Asbestos How can you protect against asbestos inhalation?
P2 face mask
67
Asbestos Onset of asbestos related symptoms can be how many years
10-45 years
68
Asbestos How can fire affect asbestos
It can turn non friable asbestos into friable asbestos
69
Extinguishers List 3 thing water does as an extinguishing agent?
Reduce fuel Reduce heat Reduce O2
70
Extinguishers List 4 ways FF foam works to extinguish a fire
Cools Smother Suppress Separates
71
Extinguishers Safety considerations working with high expansion foam
BA must work Toxic gases may be trapped Guidelines must be used It is a weak conductor of electricity
72
Extinguishers What is used in dry chem extinguishers
Mono Ammonium phosphate ABE

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