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Psyco 223 > Middle Adulthood > Flashcards

Middle Adulthood Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Primary Aging

A

Aging that occurs due to biological factors

Molecular/Cellular changes

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2
Q

Secondary aging

A

Aging that occurs due to controllable factors

Unhealthy lifestyle, less physically active, stress

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3
Q

Is aging more stressful for men or women?

A

Women

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4
Q

Hair changes

A

Less melanin causing grey hair

Hair losss

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5
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass and strength
Especially in the back and legs
Leads to frailty

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6
Q

Lung functioning in aging

A

thinning of bones in the ribcage

reduced lung capacity

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7
Q

Skin changes

A

Wrinkles, lose fat in the face
Loss of muscle tone in the face
Dark spots from sun exposure

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8
Q

Muscle:fat ratio in aging

A

Accumulation of fat in stomach area

More fat, less muscle

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9
Q

Height and weight in aging

A

Lose height

Gain weight

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10
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of elasticity in the lens

Hard time reading small print

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11
Q

Floaters (vision)

A

Spots that float around the visual field

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12
Q

Scotopic sensitivity

A

Declines in middle adulthood

Less ability to see in dimmer light

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13
Q

Poorer night vision in middle adulthood is caused by____

A

The pupil losing ability to accomodate

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14
Q

Light sensitivity in middle adulthood

A

More sensitive to light

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15
Q

Dry Eye Syndrome

A

Does not produce tears properly

More often in women

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16
Q

Hearing Changes

A

Problems understanding speech in loud environments

Lose ability to hear high frequencies

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17
Q

Sleep

A

Require at least 7 hours of sleep per night

Lack in sleep can increase stress, raised cortisol levels

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18
Q

Less deep sleep in middle adulthood

A

Contributes to less growth hormone being released: physical decline

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19
Q

Why is weight gain common in middle age?

A

Diets often haven’t changed but metabolism has slowed

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20
Q

Brain development in middle adulthood

A

Maintains many abilities of early adults, gains new ones
Plasticity
White matter continues to increase
Better management of emotions

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21
Q

Climacteric

A

Midlife transition when fertility declines

Biologically based but impacted by the environment

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22
Q

Age-related changes affecting sexual functioning in women

A

Decreased desire, pain, less lubrication

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23
Q

Age-related changes affecting sexual functioning in men

A

Need more direct stimulation, erectile dysfunction

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24
Q

Menopause

A

12 months without menstruation

Average age is 51 but large variation

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25
Perimenopause
Period of transition, ovaries stop releasing ova and hormone production decreases 2-8 years before menopause
26
Erectile dysfunction
Inability to achieve an erection or inconsistent ability to achieve an erection Primarily medical, some psychological factors Increases with age
27
Testosterone levels in middle age
Decline especially after 50s Slow decline unlike in women Lower sex drive
28
Heart failure
Heart can't pump enough blood
29
Heart attack
Blood clot blocks flow to heart
30
Cardiovascular disease
Narrowed, blocked, or stiffened blood vessels
31
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Unexpected loss of heart functioning, breathing, and consciousness
32
Hypertension
High blood pressure | Blood flows with greater force, strains the heart
33
Cancer
``` #2 cause of death Collection of diseases in which the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues ```
34
Diabetes
Disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose in the blood Does not make enough insulin or use insulin properly
35
Insulin
Type of hormone that helps glucose in the blood enter cells to give them energy
36
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, loss of function in joints Immune system attacks the membrane lining the joints Begins middle age, increases in frequency with age
37
Heartburn
Stomach acid backing up into esophagus Acid indigestion If prolonged can lead to more serious complications
38
Gallstones
Hard particles that develop in the gallbladder | Take years to develop
39
Stress
Pattern of responses after an organism perceives a threatening event that disturbs homeostasis and taxes abilities to cope
40
What is the most important psychological predictor of illness
Stress
41
Stressor
A stimulus with the effect of stress on the body
42
Type A behaviour
Competitive, impatient, hostile | More related to experience of stress, higher risk of heart disease
43
Type B behaviour
Easygoing and relaxed | Less stress
44
Problem-focused coping (stress)
Actively addressing the stressful event in an effort to solve the problem
45
Emotion-focused coping
Regulates the emotions that come with stress
46
Social integration
Concept used to describe the number of social roles an individual has importance of social relationships for health
47
Which strategy for coping with stress has the greatest impact on mental wellness
Problem-focused coping
48
Which strategy for coping with stress is best when events are uncontrollable
Emotion-focused coping
49
study examining association between financial hardship, relationship confidence, physical health
Indirect link between financial hardship and physical health through relationship confidence Greater social support can buffer the negative effects of stress on physical health
50
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired throughout life | Increases with age
51
Fluid intelligence
Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing actives quickly and abstractly Decreases with age, poorer working memory
52
Flow
The mental state of being completely present and fully absorbed in a task Blocking out distractions Associated with intellectual satisfaction and intrinsic rewards
53
Tacit Knowledge
Knowledge that is practical and learned through experience rather than explicitly taught Increases with age Can't be written down
54
Expertise
Specialized skills and knowledge that pertain to a particular topic of activity Task-specific Long process
55
Expert thought characteristics- Intuitive
Call upon vast amount of information | Not following steps or rules
56
Expert thought characteristics-Automatic
Routine and instinctive | Process information faster
57
Expert thought characteristics- Strategic
More effective strategies | Better hypotheses
58
Expert thought characteristics-Flexible
More curious and enjoy challenge
59
Sandwich generation
Adults who have at least one parent 65+ and are raising/supporting grown children Supporting their parents and children Greater financial strain
60
Kinkeeper
Person(s) who keep the family connected and promote solidarity and continuity in the family Tends to be women
61
Empty nest
Time period when children are grown and have left home
62
Role loss hypothesis of empty nesters
Lose an important role (parent) and experience a decrease in emotional well-being
63
Role stress relief hypothesis of empty nesters
The responsibility of raising children is lifted, experience greater satisfaction
64
Boomerang Kids
Grown children who return home after having lived independently Financial reasons, mental health/emotional reasons
65
Return to education in middle adulthood
Rate of older individuals entering college rising faster | Developing skills and expertise to launch a 2nd career or a new direction in career
66
Differences in learning approaches in middle adulthood compared to young-adults
Greater use of higher order skills- strategies to enhance memory Take longer to learn but less likely to forget More task oriented
67
Work in middle adulthood
Job satisfaction tends to peak: higher wages, greater involvement in decisions, more goals
68
Job burnout
Unsuccessfully managed work place stress | Energy depletion, mental distance from job, job negativism, reduced efficacy
69
Leisure
Time off work and duties Important aspect of middle adulthood Most common in television Reduces job stress, improves mental health, improves productivity
70
Generativity vs stagnation
Generativity: desires to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation Stagnation: not being active in generative matters, not feeling needed or challenged Particularly demanding stage
71
4 types of generativity
Biological: Birth to a child Parental: nurturance and guidance to children Work: developing skills and passing down to others Cultural: creating or conserving culture
72
Most common relationship status for middle-age
Marriage
73
Graying of divorce
Greater divorce in later marriage more recently | Less stigma to divorce, women are more financially independent, increase in lifespan
74
Dating after divorce
Most have dated 1 year after divorce | Rate of remarriage declining
75
Remote grandparents
Rarely see grandchildren | Contact on special occasions
76
Companionate grandparents
Do things with grandchildren but have little authority over them
77
Involved grandparents
Active role in grandchildren's' lives | Frequent contact and authority
78
Friendships in middle adulthood
Contribute to life satisfaction and well-being Shared consumption of alcohol in male friendships Friendships in the workplace leads to higher job satisfaction
79
Midlife crisis: previous beliefs
Believed that many individuals experience a midlife crisis | Re-evaluating previous commitments, dramatic changes, suspended between past and future
80
Midlife crisis: today's beliefs
Most research suggests most individuals do not experience a midlife crisis Large individual variation in experiences
81
4 main needs for meaning
Need for purpose Need for values Need for a sense of self-efficacy Need for self-worth
82
Need for purpose
Having goals and fulfillments
83
Need for values
Deciding whether certain acts are right or wrong
84
Need for a sense of self-efficacy
Belief that one can make a difference
85
Need for self-worth
Thought of feeling good and worthy | Individually or collectively
86
Religion and spirituality in adulthood
Many adults identify religion and spirituality as being important in their lives Assists in coping with age-related losses and stress, social support, leading better lifestyles
87
Religiosity
Engaging with a formal religious group's doctrines, values, traditions, and co-members
88
Spirituality
Individual's intrapsychic sense of connection with something Feelings of gratitude and compassion Relationship to psychological well-being

Psyco 223 (3 decks)

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