Middle Ages Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Economic system tied to feudalism where serfs worked for lords on manors
A
Manorialism
2
Q
Event that was a turning point to the Middle Ages
A
Fall of the Roman Empire
3
Q
What did the Fall of the Roman Empire cause?
A
Political decentralization
4
Q
System of government where there are lords and vassals
A
Feudalism
5
Q
Aristocrats
A
Nobles
6
Q
Served lords, but are still nobles
A
Vassals
7
Q
Sworn loyalty to a lord
A
Fealty
8
Q
Land given to a vassal from a lord
A
Fief
9
Q
Way that knights lived
A
Chivalry
10
Q
Primary lord for a knight
A
Liege lord
11
Q
King of England who:
- led the Norman conquest
-wrote the domesday book
-vassal to Huge Capet
A
William of Normandy / William I
12
Q
Census that allowed William of Normandy to collect taxes
A
Domesday book
13
Q
King of England who:
- conflicted with Thomas Becket
- married to Eleanor of Aquitaine
A
Henry II
14
Q
Archbishop of Canterbury who was killed by the knights of Henry II
A
Thomas Becket
15
Q
King of England who:
- signed the Magna Carta
A
John I / John the Softsword
16
Q
Document that limits the power of the king
A
Magna Carta
17
Q
King of France who:
- started the Capetian Dynasty
A
Huge Capet
18
Q
Married to Henry II
A
Eleanor of Aquitaine
19
Q
King of France who:
- conquered more territory than his nobles
A
Philip Augustus
20
Q
Holy Roman Emperor who:
- was the first emperor
A
Charlemagne
21
Q
Holy Roman Emperor who:
- had conflict with Pope Gregory VII
A
Henry IV
22
Q
Holy Roman Emperor who:
- wants to take over Italian city-states rather than rule over German nobles
A
Frederick Barbossa
23
Q
New merchant class/middle class
A
Bourgeoise
24
Q
Trade associations
A
Guilds
25
Church officials
Clergy
26
Highest authority in the Church
Pope
27
Missions sponsored by Church to reclaim the Holy Land away from Infidels/Muslims
Crusades
28
Pope superior to all
Papal supremacy
29
Nobility gave Church positions out
Lay Investure
30
Pope who had conflict with Henry IV and removed him after the end of Lay Investure
Gregory VII
31
Ended Lay Investure
Concordat of Worms
32
Monks living away from society
Monasticism
33
Rules monks needed to live by
Benedictine Rules
34
Architecture style:
- dark, short buildings
Romanesque style
35
Architecture style:
- ribbed vaulting
- flying buttresses
- stained glass
Gothic style
36
External support for Gothic style
Flying butresses
37
Poets
Troubadours
38
Movement that stressed using logic to support a truth
Scholasticism
39
Well known Scholastic
Peter Abelard
40
Scholastic who wrote Summa Theologica
Thomas Aquinas
41
Time where temperatures decreased and storms increased
Little Ice Age
42
Effect of climate change
Great Famine
43
- increased disease because of environment and weakened immune systems
- decreased population because of migration
Effects of the Great Famine
44
spread of the plague
Mongol empire -> Silk Road -> Genoese ships in Black Sea -> Sicily + Florence
45
Boils filled with puss
Bubos
46
- Wrote the Decameron
Giovanni Boccaccio
47
- Weakened government
- People turned for clergy for support
Political impacts of the Plague
48
Economic effects of the Plague
- Decrease of serfdom
- Increase of wages
49
Repented extremely in public
Flaggellent
50
Infected fleas bit rats and people
Cause of the plague
51
- punishment from God
- imbalance of fluids
- toxins in the air
- Jews poisoning wells
Perceived causes of the Plague
52
Increased immediately because Clergy stayed behind, but then decreased over time
Status of the Church
53
Jews being persecuting for being more wealthy
Scapegoating
54
Angevin
English kingdom
55
Capetian
French kingdom
56
Modern day Belgium. Luxembourg, and Netherlands
Low country
57
- fief to France
- in wool trade with England
Flanders
58
Aquitaine given to England as a fief
Treaty of Paris 1259
59
Philip VI seized Aquitaine
Territorial dispute that causes One Hundred Year War
60
Last Capetian king
Charles IV
61
Nephew of Charles IV
Edward III
62
Law stating that no woman or her heir could inherit the French throne
Salic Law
63
Sister of Charles IV
Isabella
64
Who French nobles chose to be their king
Philip VI
65
Allied themselves with France to invade England
Scotland
66
Allied themselves with England to maintain power
Dukes of Burgundy
67
Allied themselves with France as an act of featy
Flemish lords’ position on Hundred Years’ war
68
Allied themselves with England due to trade
Flemish merchants
69
- war taught of French soil
- advanced military technology
English advantage in the Hundred Year War
70
- long bow
- cannons
English military technology
71
Had visions from saints telling her that:
- the English need to be kicked out of France
- Charles VII needed to be crowned king
Joan of Arc
72
- Captured by Burgundians
- sold to England
- held for random
- Charles VII refused to pay
- England gives her to the Church
- tried for heresy and witch craft
- burnt at stake
Death of Joan of Arc
73
Next in line for a thrown
Dauphin
74
- Dauphin of France during the Hundred Years War
- betrays Joan of Arc
Charles VII
75
- farm land destroyed
- trade disruption
Economic effects of the Hundred Years’ War
76
- rise of representative assemblies
- increased nationalism due to propaganda
political effects of the hundred years’ war
77
- English Parliament
- German Diets
- Spanish Courts
- French Estates General
representative democracies
78
- cannons were expensive
- only central governments could afford
- rise in national armies
military effect that led to the decline of feudalism
79
People who believe in the Catholic Church
Lay people/laity
80
Laity -> priests -> Bishops -> Archbishops -> Cardinals -> Pope -> God
Clerical Hierarchy
81
Pope who:
- Issued the Unam Sanctum
- Conflicted with King Philip IV
Pope Boniface VIII
82
Temporal
Worldly
83
King of France who:
- conflicted with Pope Boniface VIII
King Philip IV
84
Papal bull that stated:
- Spiritual power was to be handled by the Church
- Temporal power handled by kings, but only in a way that the Church allowed
Unam Sanctum
85
Sends people to attack and kidnap Pope Boniface VIII
King Philip IV’s response to the Unam Sanctum
86
Period of time where Popes lived in Avignon instead of Rome
Babylonian Captivity
87
- authority questioned because they were influenced by French kings
- Popes lived materialistic lives
Decline in papal prestige during the Babylonian Captivity
88
Time where there was two Popes
The Great Schism
89
Italian Pope who:
- was chosen during the Great Schism
- called out corrupt officials
Pope Urban VI
90
French Pope who:
- Was chosen by nobles to counter Pope Urban VI
Pope Clement VII
91
Decreased because laity did not know who to believe
Papal prestige during Great Schism
92
- England supported because they are enemies of France
- Holy Roman Empire supported because they have close ties to these Popes
Urban VI supporters
93
- France supported because pope was in Avignon
- Scotland supported because they were allied with France
- Spain supported because of geography
Supporters of Clement VII
94
Believed in separation between Church and State
William of Occam
95
- Wrote the Defensor Pacis
- Believed that State should be above the Church
Marsiglio of Padua
96
Council made of lay people and the clergy that make decisions
Conciliar movement
97
Failed council that tried to end the Great Schism, but ended up with three popes
Council of Pisa
98
Final resolution of the Great Schism which picked a new Pope
Council of Constance
99
Founded the lollards
John Wycliffe
100
People who believed that the Scripture should hold all the power in Catholicism
Lollards
101
Lollard who spread the beliefs to Czech/Bohemia
Jan Hus
102
Groups of people who did Church and community services
Confraternities
103
Spiritual events that bring people closer to God
Mysticism
