Middle Ages - Outline 4

Question 1

What role does the Catholic church play in the Middle Ages?

Answer 1

Church becomes center of the peoples lives; Assumes many political and social responsibilities; The bishop of Rome becomes the pope (who has the strongest political and spiritual power

Question 2

Why did the Catholic Church mainly rule over everyone’s lives?

Answer 2

The church preached that everyone were sinner and they needed God’s salvation - Which could only be obtained from the church

Question 3

What are the 7 sacraments?

Answer 3

Baptism; Eucharist; conformation; marriage; penance; last rites; holy orders

Question 4

What were the tow most important sacraments?

Answer 4

Eucharist and Baptism

Question 5

What is transubstantiation?

Answer 5

Mass, celebrate eucharist; Christ is present in the bread and wine

Question 6

Why does Christianity become a visual religon?

Answer 6

Few people understood Latin; Priests were poorly educated (few could read or write; Christianity was taught through paintings, statues, and stained glass

Question 7

What does it mean to be in a Secular Clergy and who is apart of this?

Answer 7

They were responsible for the organisation and control of the spiritual lives of the laity in the everyday world. They included the priests(5), bishops(4), archbishops(3) and cardinals(2). All, of course, under the strict control of the pope(1)

Question 8

What does it mean to be in a Regular Clergy and who is apart of this?

Answer 8

they lived in accordance to very strict rules, were, are still are, divided into two sub-groups - Monks and Nuns

Question 9

Explain the formation of monasticism?

Answer 9

Founded in the West by St. Benedict; his monastery at Monte Cassino became a MODEL for other communities

Question 10

What were the three main concepts under the Benedictine Rule?

Answer 10

Poverty; Chastity; Obedience or Purity

Question 11

Who was the head of a monastic community?

Answer 11

Abbot

Question 12

What were some characteristics of the Monks?

Answer 12

Dressed simply (wore long loose robes that were made of coarse and uncomfortable material); Self sufficient; eat minimally, rule of silent (could not converse with other monks)

Question 13

What were some characteristics of the Nuns?

Answer 13

Women took part in monastic life by living in a convert under the supervision of an abbess (the head of the nuns); wore simple clothing (gown and veil); Taught needle working medical use to daughters of the nobles

Question 14

What are illuminated manuscripts?

Answer 14

text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations

Question 15

What charitable work did the monks contribute?

Answer 15

Taught young children; helped to heal the sick and injured; food banks; taught tasks to the peasants; provided schools for young people; MISSIONARY EFFORTS; Spread Christianity across Europe - sent Monks to England to start Catholicism

Question 16

What pope sent missionaries out to Europe?

Answer 16

Pope Gregory

Question 17

What was the book of Pastural Care about, and who wrote it?

Answer 17

Pope Gregory wrote it and it is detailed advice on how a bishop should take care of his flock

Question 18

How is the monastic communities going to further damage and corruption the Catholic church?

Answer 18

The church is going to convert more people to christianity with the missionaries and that allows the church to receive more money and land; Local lords started began to buy and sell church offices an appointing friends and family

Question 19

What is heresy?

Answer 19

Denial of the church teachings

Question 20

What was the church council, and why was one necessary?

Answer 20

The corruption of the church led to positions being paid into; In order to avoid this, the church council was set up to select the pope; It was a college of cardinals; he criticized lay investiture

Question 21

What is lay investature?

Answer 21

The most important conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII.

Question 22

What was the inquisition?

Answer 22

A court that seek out and punish people that were suspected of heresy

Question 23

Who were the friars?

Answer 23

Lived simply; had no possessions; did not isolate themselves from the outside world - combined regular and secular clergy