middle ages test

Question 1

Simony

Answer 1

the practice of bishops selling positions in the church

Question 2

Gothic

Answer 2

new architectural style - tell spires, pointed arches

Question 3

Urban II

Answer 3

Catholic Pope who called for holy war against Muslims

Question 4

Crusade

Answer 4

Christian holy war to recapture Jerusalem

Question 5

Saladin

Answer 5

famous Muslim leader who fought Crusaders (beat them and Richard the Lionheart)

Question 6

Richard the Lionhearted

Answer 6

Christian Crusader who fought Saladin

Question 7

Reconquista

Answer 7

Spanish effort to drive Muslims out of Spain

Question 8

Inquisition

Answer 8

Church court used to suppress heresy/heretics (ppl whose beliefs differed from the Catholic Church)

Question 9

Friars

Answer 9

New religious order that traveled - Dominicans and Franciscans

Question 10

What are the main 3 effects of the Crusades?

Answer 10

1) Increased trade between Europe and SW Asia
2) Power of church and feudal system weakened, monarchical power increased
3) Bitterness among Christians, Muslims, and Jews

Question 11

What were the 4 main changes in medieval society?

Answer 11

Growth of food supply, growth of guilds, commercial revolution, revival of learning

Question 12

What was the three-field system?

Answer 12

method of planting 2/3rds of land to increase production)

Question 13

What was horsepower then?

Answer 13

Using horses instead of oxen increased speed

Question 14

What were merchant and craft guilds?

Answer 14

organizations of individuals in the same business/occupation working to improve conditions

Question 15

What was the commercial revolution?

Answer 15

Dramatic expansion of trade and business during the late middle ages

Question 16

What was happening in medieval towns and cities?

Answer 16

Communities had increasing populations leading to unsanitary conditions

Question 17

How was education being revived?

Answer 17

vernacular, universities, Thomas Aquinas, scholastic, scholasticism (ppl finding the meaning of life and why ppl believe and seek religion)

Question 18

What were some nations developing in Europe?

Answer 18

England and France

Question 19

King John

Answer 19

English king, forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter) guaranteeing rights

Question 20

William the Conqueror

Answer 20

Norman who invaded and conquered the Anglo-Saxons in England, became king

Question 21

Henry II

Answer 21

English king, used juries and common law

Question 22

Parliament

Answer 22

English legislative group called together by Edward I)

Question 23

Philip II

Answer 23

Seized Normandy and other French lands from King John

Question 24

Hugh Capet

Answer 24

First of the Capetian Dynasty who took over from Carolingians

Question 25

Philip IV

Answer 25

Created France's first Parliament called Estates-General

Question 26

What was the Great Schism?

Answer 26

Split of the Roman Catholic Church during which rival Popes in Avignon and Rome claimed authority to lead church members

Question 27

John Wycliffe

Answer 27

Englishman who challenged Church, agreed Bible and Jesus were most important

Question 28

Jan Hus

Answer 28

Bohemian who challenged Church and taught Bible most important; executed

Question 29

Bubonic Plague

Answer 29

Disease that spread across Asia and Europe in mid-14th century, killing millions

Question 30

Hundred Years' War

Answer 30

Over 100 years of war between England and France

Question 31

Joan of Arc

Answer 31

Teenage French peasant girl called by God to drive the English out of France

Question 32

What is a manor?

Answer 32

a self-sufficient farm owned by a lord, protected by knights and worked by serfs

Question 33

Who and how was the Kingdom of the Franks created?

Answer 33

A Germanic tribe converted to Christianity and built the kingdom

Question 34

Who was Charles Martel

Answer 34

a frank who halted the muslim's invasion of Europe at the battle of tours

Question 35

who was Charlemagne?

Answer 35

greatest leader of the Franks, tried to restore the former glory of Rome and was named holy Roman emperor by the pope

Question 36

what happened after Charlemagne died?

Answer 36

his empire broke up and Europe suffered raids by viking raiders from Scandinavia, Muslim invasions, and Magyars (hungary) attacks from the east

Question 37

What was a tithe?

Answer 37

A church tax paid by serfs and amounted to 1/10 of their income

Question 38

What did the kings do that reduced the amount of power nobles held?

Answer 38

They gave more power to representative bodies such as England's Parliament and France's Estates-General

Question 39

What did the Magna Carta do?

Answer 39

English document guaranteeing British citizens certain rights such as a jury trial

Question 40

What happened in the Hundred years of war?

Answer 40

England and France fought over British territory in France, France won

Question 41

Which crusade did the Christians defeat the Muslims and took over Spain

Answer 41

The Reconquista

Question 42

Why did the Christian Church lose respect?

Answer 42

Abuses like the pope interfering with politics and selling church positions (simony)

Question 43

Who were burghers?

Answer 43

Town-dwellers, example of the emerging middle class

Question 44

What does secular mean?

Answer 44

Worldly rather than religious (during the late middle ages education became more secular)

Question 45

Feudalism

Answer 45

political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service (became complicated with vassals under vassals under other vassals)

Question 46

Vassal

Answer 46

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity - to become a vassal, a man performed an act of respect to his lord

Question 47

Carolingian world declining →

Answer 47

more powerful lords and vassals increased

Question 48

When did great lords and ordinary knights came to form a common group within the aristocracy

Answer 48

early - mid middle ages

Question 49

Chivalry

Answer 49

an idea of civilized behavior Knights were expected to treat captives as honored guests (not putting them in a dungeon) Knights were expected to treat aristocratic women with tenderness and respect

Question 50

Feudal contract

Answer 50

under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

Question 51

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 51

famous lady of the castle

Question 52

Carruca

Answer 52

a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare

Question 53

King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I

Answer 53

Began the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Muslims and Jews

Question 54

What two countries were the most effected by the black plague?

Answer 54

France and Italy lost over 50% of their populations

Question 55

Which groups settled in England?

Answer 55

Saxons and Angles

Question 56

Italy and Rome were settled by___

Answer 56

Vandals and Visigoths

Question 57

Who settled in Gaul?

Answer 57

Franks and Saxons

Question 58

What is Gaul today known as?

Answer 58

France