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Auditory Anatomy and Physiology > Middle Ear > Flashcards

Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the middle ear is to…

A

Transmit sound from acoustical energy to mechanical energy

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2
Q

The middle ear cavity is air filled or fluid filled?

A

Air filled

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3
Q

The superior portion of the middle ear cavity is called the…

A

Epitympanic Recess

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4
Q

The bulge of the cochlea into the middle ear cavity is called the…

A

Promontory

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5
Q

The outer rim of the tympanic membrane is called the…

A

Tympanic Annulus

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6
Q

The major portion of the tympanic membrane that makes up 1/9 of it by area

A

Pars flaccida

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7
Q

The major portion of the tympanic membrane that makes up 8/9 of it by area

A

Pars tensa

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8
Q

When performing otoscopy on a patient’s left ear, the cone of light would be at…

A

7 o’clock

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9
Q

The ossicles are suspended in the middle ear cavity.

A

True

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10
Q

The footplate of the stapes makes contact with which structure?

A

Oval window

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11
Q

Which part of the malleus makes contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Manubrium (Handle)

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12
Q

The two muscles suspending the ossicles in the middle ear cavity are the _______ and the _______.

A

Stapedius muscle
Tensor tympani muscle

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13
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

The ossicles collectively transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

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14
Q

Name the structure that controls the pressure of the middle ear

A

Eustachian Tube

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15
Q

The first 1/3 of the eustachian tube is the ____ portion and is ___ mm long

A

Bony
12

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16
Q

The remaining 2/3 of the eustachian tube is the ____ portion and is ___ mm long

A

Cartilaginous
18-24

17
Q

The eustachian tube opens when a person is _____, _____ or experiences _____

A

Chewing
Yawning
A change in atmospheric pressure

18
Q

The eustachian tube is controlled by the _____ and _____ muscles

A

Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini

19
Q

What are the differences between adult and pediatric eustachian tubes?

A

The adult eustachian tube sits at a 45 degree angle, while the pediatric eustachian tube is more flat

20
Q

What does the tensor tympani do?

A

Pulls the handle of the malleus medially
Tenses the tympanic membrane

21
Q

What does the stapedius muscle do?

A

Dampens vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window

22
Q

The malleus and incus move together in a ______ motion while the stapedial footplate moves in a _____ motion at the oval window

A

pivot-like
rocking

23
Q

Impedance is the…..

A

The opposition to the flow of energy or the reluctance to accept energy

24
Q

A mismatch in impedance in the auditory system is caused by _____.

A

A difference in impedance between air (the conductive medium of the middle) and fluid (specifically perilymph, the conductive medium of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani).

25
Q

Name the three components of the middle ear transformer

A

Area differential between the TM and stapedial footplate
The lever action of the ossicular chain
The buckling effect of the curved membranous structure of the TM

26
Q

Rank the three components of ME transformer by contribution

A

Area differential between the TM and stapedial footplate
The buckling effect of the curved membranous structure of the TM
The lever action of the ossicular chain

27
Q

What is the total effect of the ME transformer?

A

40:1 or 32 dB increase in gain that allows the middle ear to overcome impedance mismatch

28
Q

The ME transformer does not change by frequency

A

False, it dampens low frequency sounds

29
Q

What is the resonance of the ossicles?

A

2 kHz

30
Q

What is the resonance of the middle ear collectively?

A

800 - 1200 Hz

31
Q

What is the source of the occlusion effect?

A

When sound is trapped in the inside the EAC, the trapped sound is amplified

32
Q

Label the middle ear

A
33
Q

Label the middle ear

A
34
Q

Label the ossicles

A

Auditory Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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