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World History > Middle East > Flashcards

Middle East Flashcards

1
Q

Founder of Zionism

A

Theodore Herzl

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2
Q

Letter that Britain sent to Zionist which called for a Jewish homeland, but not to disturb the existing people there

A

the Balfour Declaration

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3
Q

When was the Jewish homeland established?

A

1948

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4
Q

Israel’s first prime-minister

A

David Ben-Gurion

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5
Q

What is the theme of the Arab-Israeli Wars?

A

They go to war, Israel wins, and Israel gets more land.

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6
Q

Why did thousands of Jews flee Europe to Palestine?

A

Because of the Holocaust

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7
Q

What does “Al Nakba” mean?

A

Catastrophe

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8
Q

What is the Arabic word for “catastrophe”?

A

Al Nakba

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9
Q

What law encouraged Jews to return to their homeland by allowing immediate citizenship?

A

1950: the Law of Return

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10
Q

What does PLO stand for?

A

Palestinian Liberation Operation

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11
Q

Who lead the PLO?

A

Yasser Arafat

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12
Q

What are the three important years of Arab-Israeli wars?

A

1948, 1967 and 1973

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13
Q

Who were the Fedayeen?

A

Men of Sacrifice

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14
Q

When was the Six Day War?

A

1967

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15
Q

What Arab countries did Israel fight against during the Six Day War?

A

Jordan, Syria and Egypt

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16
Q

During the 1972 Olympics, Arab terrorism occurred where?

A

Munich, Germany

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17
Q

How many Israeli hostages were taken by Arabic terrorists in the Munich Olympics in 1972?

A

Nine

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18
Q

What seven terrorist organizations specifically targeted civilians?

A

PLO, Fatah, Hamas, Al Queda, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Al Aqsa Martyr’s Brigade

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19
Q

Who is a Zionist?

A

Someone who favored a Jewish national homeland in Palestine

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20
Q

What percentage of land in Palestine did the UN give the Jews in 1948?

A

55%

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21
Q

What percentage did the Jews make up of Palestine?

A

34%

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22
Q

What occurred in 1956?

A

the Suez Crisis

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23
Q

Who ordered the seizure of the Suez Canal in 1956?

A

Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser

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24
Q

Why did Israel let Egypt have the Suez Canal even though it had British and French help?

A

Pressure from the rest of the world (US and Soviet Union)

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25
Q

Who said “We are eager for battle in order to force the enemy to awake from his dreams, and meet Arab reality face to face” ?

A

Gamal Abdel Nasser

before the Six Day War

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26
Q

What land did Israel gain after the war in 1967? (name four)

A

Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and West Bank

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27
Q

Who succeeded Gamal Abdel Nasser?

A

Anwar Sadat

28
Q

What was the Arab-Israeli war called that occurred in 1973?

A

the Yom Kippur war

29
Q

Who was Israel’s Prime Minister during the 1973 war?

A

Golda Meir

30
Q

Name two hardliners who changed their views.

A

Anwar Sadat and Yitzhak Rabin

31
Q

Who was the mediator for the Camp David Accords/Negotiations?

A

Jimmy Carter

32
Q

Who represented the Palestinians in the Camp David Accords?

A

Anwar Sadat

33
Q

Who was the Israeli prime minister during the Camp David Accords?

A

Menachem Begin

34
Q

When was the Camp David Accords signed?

A

1979

35
Q

Who succeeded Anwar Sadat to lead Egypt?

A

Hosni Mubarak

36
Q

What is a communal farm called in Israel?

A

a kibbutz

37
Q

What are the transitional camps called that offer food and shelter for Israeli refugees?

A

ma’abarot

38
Q

What was the Palestinian campaign of civil disobedience called?

A

the “Intifada”

39
Q

What does “intifada” mean?

A

the “uprising”

40
Q

Who met in the Oslo Accords?

A

Israel’s Yitzhak Rabin and PLO’s Yasser Arafat

41
Q

Who was the mediator for the Oslo Accords?

A

Bill Clinton

42
Q

Who became the prime minister of Israel after Rabin?

A

Benjamin Netanyahu

43
Q

In what country was the Arab-Israeli Conflict the most dramatic?

A

Iran

44
Q

What was Iran previously called?

A

Persia

45
Q

Who was Iran’s leader during WWII?

A

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

46
Q

Who was the prime minister who over threw Pahlavi?

A

Muhammed Mossaddeq

47
Q

Why did the people of Iran resent Pahlavi?

A

He embraced Western governments and their oil companies

48
Q

Who arrested Mossaddeq and returned the shah to power in Iran?

A

the U.S.

49
Q

Which city of Iran was completely modernized by the 1950s?

A

Tehran, its capital

50
Q

What were the conservative Muslim leaders of Iran called, who opposed Pahlavi’s movement to weaken political influence of religion?

A

the ayatollahs

51
Q

Who led the ayatollahs?

A

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

52
Q

What military leader ruled Iran as a secular state?

A

Saddam Hussein

53
Q

Who said, “We used to reject you… Yet, today we agree to live with you in permanent peace and justice” ?

A

Anwar Sadat

54
Q

What two Arab refugee camps in Lebanon were said to be used by terrorists?

A

Sabra and Shatila

55
Q

Who was accused of ordering the killing of 30,000 civilians in Lebanon?

A

Ariel Sharon

56
Q

Who met to negotiate peace with Clinton for the second Camp David?

A

Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat

57
Q

Who visited Jerusalem and stirred up riots where ~350 Palestinians died?

A

Ariel Sharon

58
Q

Why did Sharon beat Barak to be Prime Minister?

A

Israelis were tired of the exhausting situation with Palestinians

59
Q

What was more violent: the intifada or the second intifada (new)?

A

2nd

60
Q

Who said “Peace will come only when Palestinians love their children more than they hate Jews”?

A

Gold Meir

61
Q

What little boy was the martyr for the Palestinians?

A

Mohammed Al dura

62
Q

Who is the current president of the Palestinian authority?

A

Mahmoud Abbas

63
Q

What political party is Mahmoud Abbas?

A

Fatah

64
Q

What is Shari’a?

A

Islamic law

65
Q

What Arab political party wants an extreme form of Shari’a?

A

Hamas

66
Q

Who is the current prime minister of Israel?

A

Benjamin Netanyahu

World History (1 decks)

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