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Middle East Flashcards

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1
Q

Founder of Zionism

A

Theodore Herzl

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2
Q

Letter that Britain sent to Zionist which called for a Jewish homeland, but not to disturb the existing people there

A

the Balfour Declaration

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3
Q

When was the Jewish homeland established?

A

1948

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4
Q

Israel’s first prime-minister

A

David Ben-Gurion

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5
Q

What is the theme of the Arab-Israeli Wars?

A

They go to war, Israel wins, and Israel gets more land.

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6
Q

Why did thousands of Jews flee Europe to Palestine?

A

Because of the Holocaust

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7
Q

What does “Al Nakba” mean?

A

Catastrophe

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8
Q

What is the Arabic word for “catastrophe”?

A

Al Nakba

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9
Q

What law encouraged Jews to return to their homeland by allowing immediate citizenship?

A

1950: the Law of Return

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10
Q

What does PLO stand for?

A

Palestinian Liberation Operation

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11
Q

Who lead the PLO?

A

Yasser Arafat

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12
Q

What are the three important years of Arab-Israeli wars?

A

1948, 1967 and 1973

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13
Q

Who were the Fedayeen?

A

Men of Sacrifice

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14
Q

When was the Six Day War?

A

1967

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15
Q

What Arab countries did Israel fight against during the Six Day War?

A

Jordan, Syria and Egypt

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16
Q

During the 1972 Olympics, Arab terrorism occurred where?

A

Munich, Germany

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17
Q

How many Israeli hostages were taken by Arabic terrorists in the Munich Olympics in 1972?

A

Nine

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18
Q

What seven terrorist organizations specifically targeted civilians?

A

PLO, Fatah, Hamas, Al Queda, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Al Aqsa Martyr’s Brigade

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19
Q

Who is a Zionist?

A

Someone who favored a Jewish national homeland in Palestine

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20
Q

What percentage of land in Palestine did the UN give the Jews in 1948?

A

55%

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21
Q

What percentage did the Jews make up of Palestine?

A

34%

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22
Q

What occurred in 1956?

A

the Suez Crisis

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23
Q

Who ordered the seizure of the Suez Canal in 1956?

A

Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser

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24
Q

Why did Israel let Egypt have the Suez Canal even though it had British and French help?

A

Pressure from the rest of the world (US and Soviet Union)

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25
Who said "We are eager for battle in order to force the enemy to awake from his dreams, and meet Arab reality face to face" ?
Gamal Abdel Nasser | before the Six Day War
26
What land did Israel gain after the war in 1967? (name four)
Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and West Bank
27
Who succeeded Gamal Abdel Nasser?
Anwar Sadat
28
What was the Arab-Israeli war called that occurred in 1973?
the Yom Kippur war
29
Who was Israel's Prime Minister during the 1973 war?
Golda Meir
30
Name two hardliners who changed their views.
Anwar Sadat and Yitzhak Rabin
31
Who was the mediator for the Camp David Accords/Negotiations?
Jimmy Carter
32
Who represented the Palestinians in the Camp David Accords?
Anwar Sadat
33
Who was the Israeli prime minister during the Camp David Accords?
Menachem Begin
34
When was the Camp David Accords signed?
1979
35
Who succeeded Anwar Sadat to lead Egypt?
Hosni Mubarak
36
What is a communal farm called in Israel?
a kibbutz
37
What are the transitional camps called that offer food and shelter for Israeli refugees?
ma'abarot
38
What was the Palestinian campaign of civil disobedience called?
the "Intifada"
39
What does "intifada" mean?
the "uprising"
40
Who met in the Oslo Accords?
Israel's Yitzhak Rabin and PLO's Yasser Arafat
41
Who was the mediator for the Oslo Accords?
Bill Clinton
42
Who became the prime minister of Israel after Rabin?
Benjamin Netanyahu
43
In what country was the Arab-Israeli Conflict the most dramatic?
Iran
44
What was Iran previously called?
Persia
45
Who was Iran's leader during WWII?
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
46
Who was the prime minister who over threw Pahlavi?
Muhammed Mossaddeq
47
Why did the people of Iran resent Pahlavi?
He embraced Western governments and their oil companies
48
Who arrested Mossaddeq and returned the shah to power in Iran?
the U.S.
49
Which city of Iran was completely modernized by the 1950s?
Tehran, its capital
50
What were the conservative Muslim leaders of Iran called, who opposed Pahlavi's movement to weaken political influence of religion?
the ayatollahs
51
Who led the ayatollahs?
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
52
What military leader ruled Iran as a secular state?
Saddam Hussein
53
Who said, "We used to reject you... Yet, today we agree to live with you in permanent peace and justice" ?
Anwar Sadat
54
What two Arab refugee camps in Lebanon were said to be used by terrorists?
Sabra and Shatila
55
Who was accused of ordering the killing of 30,000 civilians in Lebanon?
Ariel Sharon
56
Who met to negotiate peace with Clinton for the second Camp David?
Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat
57
Who visited Jerusalem and stirred up riots where ~350 Palestinians died?
Ariel Sharon
58
Why did Sharon beat Barak to be Prime Minister?
Israelis were tired of the exhausting situation with Palestinians
59
What was more violent: the intifada or the second intifada (new)?
2nd
60
Who said "Peace will come only when Palestinians love their children more than they hate Jews"?
Gold Meir
61
What little boy was the martyr for the Palestinians?
Mohammed Al dura
62
Who is the current president of the Palestinian authority?
Mahmoud Abbas
63
What political party is Mahmoud Abbas?
Fatah
64
What is Shari'a?
Islamic law
65
What Arab political party wants an extreme form of Shari'a?
Hamas
66
Who is the current prime minister of Israel?
Benjamin Netanyahu

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