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Anatomy Layne > Middle Mediastinum And Heart > Flashcards

Middle Mediastinum And Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Area in thoracic cavity between the two pleural sacs.

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2
Q

What are the two sub sections of the mediastinum?

A

Inferior mediastinum and Posterior mediastinum

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3
Q

What are the three subsections of the Inferior mediastinum?

A

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior mediastinum.

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4
Q

What is located in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Mostly fat, thymus, and lymph nodes.

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5
Q

What are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Lies between the sternum and the pericardial sac.

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6
Q

What is contained in the posterior mediastinum? (5)

A

Thoracic Aorta
Esophagus
Vagus Nerves
Azygos Veins
Thoracic Duct

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7
Q

What is located in the middle mediastinum?

A

Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels

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8
Q

What does the pericardium surround?

A

Heart and proximal aspects of great vessels

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9
Q

What are the external and internal surfaces of the pericardial sac?

A

External-fibrous
Internal-serous

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10
Q

What does the ligamentum arteriosum connect?

A

Aortic arch and pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Where does the superior vena cava return blood to?

A

Right Atrium

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12
Q

Where does the Inferior Vena Cava return blood from?

A

The inferior part of the body

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13
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary trunk?

A

Carry unoxygenatd blood from right ventricle to lungs via pulmonary arteries

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14
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there and what are there functions?

A

2; return blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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15
Q

What does the atrioventricular sulcus separate?

A

Atria and ventricles

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16
Q

What is located in the atrioventricular sulcus?

A

Right coronary Artery
Circumflex Artery
Coronary Sinus

17
Q

What does the Inter-ventricular sulcus separate?

A

Right and Left Ventricle

18
Q

What is located in the inter-ventricular sulcus?

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

19
Q

What forms the primary portion of the heart’s right border?

A

Right Atrium

20
Q

What forms the primary portion of the Heart’s left border?

A

Left Ventricle

21
Q

What forms the apex of the heart and what intercostal space is it located in?

A

Left Ventricle; 5th intercostal space.

22
Q

What forms the inferior border of the heart?

A

The Right Ventricle sitting on the diaphragm.

23
Q

What is the Fossa Ovalis?

A

Depression in the inter-arterial septum

24
Q

What is the fossa ovalis a remnant of from fetal development?

A

Foramen ovale-allowed blood to pass from right to left side of heart and bypass lungs.

25
Q

What forms the rough inner wall of the Right Atrium

A

Trabeculae Carnae

26
Q

What is the function of Chordae Tendinae?

A

Attach valves to the three papillary muscles and prevent prolapse.

27
Q

What is the function of the moderator band?

A

Contains fibers of the conduction system

28
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valves?

A

Control outflow of blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

29
Q

What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve?

A

Control blood flow from left ventricle to ascending aorta.

30
Q

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

A

Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

31
Q

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

A

Control blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

32
Q

What node is considered to be the pace maker of the heart?

A

The Sino-atrial node (SA Node)

33
Q

What node does the SA node relay stimulation to?

A

Atrioventricular Node

34
Q

What Node does the atrioventricular node relay innervation to?

A

Atrioventricular Bundle (His)

35
Q

Where does stimulation go after the Bundle of His?

A

To Purkinje fibers and through the moderator band

36
Q

What effect does the Vagus nerve have on the heart?

A

Decreases heart rate.

37
Q

Where do SA and AV nodes receive stimulation from?

A

Cardiac Splanchnic Nerves.

38
Q

What do the Cardiac Splanchnic nerves do to the heart?

A

Increase Heart Rate

Anatomy Layne (3 decks)

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