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MUCO 342 > MIDI > Flashcards

MIDI Flashcards

1
Q

MIDI

A

A. A protocol for data communications between devices

B. Way for computers and instruments to talk to each other

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2
Q

MIDI cont.

A

A. Standardization, all equipments from manufacturers can communicate with others

B. Allow more then one sound at the same time

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3
Q

MIDI Modes explained

A

A. Omni on/off

Omni on: device will receive messages on all channels
Omni off: device will receive messages on a specified channel

B. Poly/mono

Poly = instrument can play multiple notes per channel, up to limit
Mono = Instrument can play one note per channel
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4
Q

Omni On/Poly

A
  1. Simplest mode. Slave device responds regardless of channel number
  2. Will play all notes sent up to the capability of the device
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5
Q

Omni On/Mono

A
  1. Rarely used, useless

2. Slave responds to notes on all channels but can only play one note at a time

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6
Q

Omni Off/Poly

A

Slave will respond to polyphonic note data but only if master/slave set to same channel

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7
Q

Omni Off/Mono

A
  1. Useful for Multitimbral Synthesizers

2. Different patches can be assigned to different channels, and single synth can sound like several

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8
Q

Multi Mode

A
  1. Omni off/mono mode: Can assign polyphony to each voice, like several synthesizers
  2. Most useful and popular mode
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9
Q

Dynamic Voice Allocation

A
  1. In Modern synths, along with Multimode
  2. Do not need to assign number of playable notes to each channel, computer decides how many notes to give to each channel

Played in synthesizer up to the maximum polyphony

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10
Q

Serial Binary Data

A
  1. Serial: Messages sent in order one at a time

2. Binary: Cables only send voltages equal to 1 or 0

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11
Q

Status bytes

A
  1. Specifies type of message and how many additional data bytes follow to make up complete message
  2. Most significant bit is ALWAYS 1
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12
Q

Data bytes

A
  1. Gives the values being sent
  2. Most significant bit is ALWAYS 0
  3. Use of MSB to determine type of value limits data bytes to 128 values (0 to 127)
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13
Q

Channel Voice Message: Note On

A

Includes 3 bytes

  • Status byte
  • Data byte #1: Remaining 7 bits are MIDI pitch (0-127)
  • Data byte #2: Remaining 7 bits are MIDI velocity (0-127)
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14
Q

Polyphonic key pressure

A
  1. Senses key pressure for each individual note, “after touch”
  2. needs extra byte to indicate pitch
  3. could be used to control volume, vibrato, brightness etc. on device
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15
Q

Program Change

A

Only 128 patches specified, no guarantee same sound will be in the same program number

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16
Q

Control Change

A
  1. Message sent when controller value changes
  2. Continuous (0-127) or on/off (0 or 127)
  3. Numbers 32-63 exist to allow 0-31 to have a high resolution
  4. 120-127 reserved for channel mode messages
17
Q

Fixed Controller Numbers

A 
1 = Modulation wheel
4 = foot controller (gas pedal)
66 = sustain pedal
18
Q

Pitch bend

A
  1. Special case of control change, with own status byte (1110cccc)
  2. Needs better resolution, two data bytes are used to give 14-bits (16,384 values)
19
Q

Bank Select

A
  1. Type of Control Change
  2. MIDI allows group programs into up to 16,384 values (14-bit banks)
  3. Allows selection of program beyond 127 by assigning it to another bank and selecting that bank
20
Q

Most Significant Byte

A

One of three bytes: control change, bank select, and Most significant byte of bank number (7 bits only)

21
Q

Least Significant Byte

A
  • One of three bytes, control change, bank select, and Least significant byte of bank number (16,384 values = 14-bit)
  • Number farthest to the right
22
Q

System Exclusive Messages

A
  1. Parts unique to manufacturer I.e. exact setup for each patch
  2. Can also turn GM on/off
23
Q

Editor/Librarians

A

System exclusive messages use these programs to edit sysex info

24
Q

MIDI Interface

A

Keyboard or hardware device used for communication between computers, and send 16 channels of MIDI

25
Q

Multiport Interface

A
  1. Allows computer to send out 16 channels of MIDI out of each 8 MIDI ports
  2. Max. 128 different patches to be used
  3. Need to specify top to bottom: port, channel, and patch
26
Q

Standard MIDI File

A

Time work, format expresses tempo as “the amount of time per quarter note”

27
Q

Delta time

A
  1. Difference between the previous event and current one expressed in MIDI clock pulses
  2. Delta time of 0 means simultaneous events
  3. Speed of clock pulses depends on tempo setting
28
Q

PPQN

A

Standard for delta time (Pulse per quarter note)

29
Q

Ticks

A

Specific number of PPQN available in sequencer

30
Q

General MIDI

A
  1. No agreement on what sound would be at what patch, Instrument Patch Map
  2. Middle C is MIDI pitch 60, modulation wheel, pitch ben etc. implemented
  3. Still some limitations, although has increased popularity of MIDI
31
Q

Instrument Patch Map

A
  1. List of 128 sounds and MIDI numbers
  2. Grouped into 16 families each with eight variations
  3. Percussion key map
32
Q

Percussion key map

A

Percussion is always on channel 10, part of instrument patch map

MUCO 342 (3 decks)

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