midsem Flashcards
(20 cards)
mmol/L
number of moles per litre
mosmol/L
number of particles per litre
Na+ in ECF
main extracellular cation
largely determines extracellular volume (bp)
important in action potential generation
ECF 135-145 mmol/L
K+
most abundant intracellular cation
main determinant of RMP -70mV
ECF 3.5-5 mmol/L
Ca2+
important structure of bones and teeth blood clotting enzyme function neurotransmission and muscle contraction ECF 2.2-2.6 mmol/L
Glucose
used by cells to produce ATP
neurons particularly affected by low glucose
hyperglycaemia/hypoglycaemia
ECF 3.5-6/8 mmol/L
factors in homeostasis
- mechanisms which act to maintain constancy
- cooperative-can be simultaneous or successive
- any change is met by factors which resist change
- it is not random- organised self-government
acidosis
loss of neuronal function CNS consciousness
alkalosis
overexcitability of nerves and muscles
core body temperature importance
rapid worsening of initial condition accelerated
viscous cycle detrimental +feedback loop
simple diffusion in cells examples
O2 and CO2, steroid hormones, anaesthetics
types of membrane protein channels
leak channel, ligand gated, voltage gated
sodium potassium pump
moves 3Na+ ions out, 2K+ ions in
example of exocytosis
beta cells release insulin in pancreas
example of endocytosis
neutrophil engulfing anthrax bacteria
osmotic pressure
pressure required to just stop this osmosis
osmolarity in ECF and ICF
275-300mosmol/L
osmolarity of NaCl
ionic will dissociate in water into 2 separate particles
urea
can be iso-osmotic and not isotonic
distance is proportional to…
square root of time
