MIDTERM 03 - Transcription and Translation

Question 1

The process of synthesizing mRNA from genomic DNA

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

Is the basic part of heredity; it is a part of the DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins including its regulation

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

The portion of the DNA which controls gene expression (Types of gene)

Answer 3

Regulatory gene

Question 4

The portion of the DNA which is transcribed into mRNA (Types of gene)

Answer 4

Structural gene

Question 5

3 stages of transcription (IET)

Answer 5

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 6

Are proteins that scans the DNA molecule and binds at the promoter region (Initiation phase)

Answer 6

TATA binding proteins

Question 7

Is a sequence of nucleotides that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in eukaryotes

Answer 7

Hogness box (TATA)

Question 8

Is a sequence of nucleotides that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in prokaryotes

Answer 8

Pribnow box (TATAAT)

Question 9

__________ are factors that binds to the promoter region, recruiting the RNA polymerase in the close promoter complex (Initiation phase)

Answer 9

Sigma factor

Question 10

__________ regulates the transcription by clearing the transcription basal complex allowing the start of transcription (Initiation phase)

Answer 10

Enhancers

Question 11

Process that involves the addition of GMP in an inverted orientation

Answer 11

5’ Capping

Question 12

The methylation of C7 at G is done by __________

Answer 12

Guanine methyltransferase

Question 13

Is a specially altered nucleotide that prevents the 5’ end from being digested and aids in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Answer 13

5’ Cap

Question 14

Expressed DNA sequences are called __________

Answer 14

Exons

Question 15

Intervening DNA sequences that are not expressed are called __________

Answer 15

Introns

Question 16

__________ is a large RNA-protein complex that is made up of snRNAs

Answer 16

Spliceosome

Question 17

A __________ that is usually 100-200 nucleotides long is added to the 3’ end before the mRNA leaves the nucleus; this tail protects the mRNA from nucleases and phosphatases

Answer 17

Polyadenylate tail

Question 18

Process that involves the synthesis of polypeptides using the mRNA transcript as the template

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

A __________ is composed of 3 bases in the mRNA which encode an amino acid

Answer 19

Codon

Question 20

An __________ is composed of 3 bases in the tRNA which is complementary to the codon

Answer 20

Anti-codon

Question 21

A codon related the genetic information to an amino acid which can be deciphered using the __________

Answer 21

Genetic code

Question 22

Means that a genetic code is made up of three nucleotide letters (Key features of the genetic code)

Answer 22

Triplet

Question 23

Means that the same letter is not used for two different codons (Key features of the genetic code)

Answer 23

Nonoverlapping

Question 24

Means that the genetic code is continuous and nonoverlapping (Key features of the genetic code)

Answer 24

Commaless

Question 25

Means that a single amino acid may be coded for by more than one codon (Key features of the genetic code)

Answer 25

Degenerate

Question 26

Means that almost every organism uses the same genetic code (Key features of the genetic code)

Answer 26

Universal

Question 27

In __________, initiation factors, ribosomes, and f-met tRNA bind to the mRNA

Answer 27

Chain initiation

Question 28

3 termination sequence codons

Answer 28

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 29

Refers to the covalent modifications or introduction of organic moieties to the polypeptide

Answer 29

Post-translational modification

Question 30

Enzyme that catalyzes the process of transcription

Answer 30

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 31

4 ribonucleoside triphosphates (CUGA)

Answer 31

CTP, UTP, GTP, ATP

Question 32

A __________ is not needed in RNA synthesis, but a DNA template is needed

Answer 32

Primase