Midterm 1 Flashcards
(71 cards)
What is the drive reduction theory
Based on maintaining homeostasis/equalibrium. When an outside factor alters the balance there is a drive to correct it.
example of drive reduction theory
when the body hets up, you sweat. In addition, you may take off layers of clothing to speed up the process to maintain homeostasis
what is the arousal theory
the need to keep the body at an appropriate state of arousal
example of arousal theory
seeking celeb gossip purely out of curiosity it elevates arousal and interest
what is the Yerkes Dodson law
arousal increases performance too a point, then if more arousal is added it will hinder performance
example of Yerkes Dodsons law
different tasks require optimal level of arousal. hard tasks require concentration and a relative low to medium states of arousal. finishing a paper eill work better if the deadline isn’t hindering concentration. reading long txt book chapters is better with stimulation like snacks, stretches etc.
what is the incentive theory
the influence outside factors play on reward to explain motivation
example of incentive theory
public acclaim or financial awards to do something risky like base jumping
what are primary incentives & example of both reward and punishment
they are those that influence behaviour that we do not have to learn. such as taste in food is rewarding and pain is primary punishment
what is secondary incentive & example
learned behaviour (reward) because of the relationship it ties with another thing. working hard for money is a learned incentive
what is incentive salience
how noticeable or important a particular incentive is to us they can change and become more or less important over time
what is an opiate
like endorphins, opiates are natural and contribute to feelings of pleasure
example of release of opiate
long distance running releases opiates and that is called the runners high. food and sex
where do rewarding stimuli target the brain then where does the stimulus go
in the ventral tegmental area. the axons of these neurons project to the nucleus accumbes and prefrontal cortex which activate pleasure
what is lepin
it is released from fat cells as they grow larger. when the brain senses high levels of lepin, we loose urge to eat
which areas of the brain is associated with hunger
the lateral hypothalamus & nucleus accumbens
Qualitative Change
Whole stages. When the caterpillar becomes the butterfly
Quantitative Change
gradual increases of growth.
Critical period
point in development in which an individual is extremely sensitive to a [articular environmental input that’ll either encourage or discourage certain brain functions for the rest of time. They are better called sensitive periods because some of the lost brain function can be at lease partially recovered
Sensitive period
critical period. Psychologists better like the term because the brain is recoverable to a certain degree
Germinal stage stages
conception. Where the egg is fertilized, it then travels down the fallopian tubes to be implanted in the uterine lining which will trigger the development of the placenta
Embryonic stage stages
rapid growth, the basic systems of the body are beginning to develop. This stage is where the embryo is most vulnerable to miscarriage, the head will grow faster than the body
fetal stage stages
Rapid growth occurs, especially last 3 months. 8-birth weeks.
What does prenatal development include
- germinal stage conception- 2 weeks,
- embryonic stage 2-8 weeks
- fetal stage 8- 40 weeks
