MIDTERM 1

Question 1

Describe the process of neurulation

Question 2

What are neural crest cells and what do they develop into?

Question 3

Describe the development of the alar plate and the basal plate

Question 4

Describe the function of the extra ocular muscles as assessed clinically in the H-test and name the cranial nerves innervating these muscles

Question 5

Describe the wiring of horizontal gaze for both saccades and pursuit movements

Question 6

Differentiate between vertical and horizontal gaze and where they are located in the brainstem

Question 7

Explain convergence and divergence movements and the role of this assessment in the differential diagnosis of gaze disorders

Question 8

Describe the principles of the pupillary light reflex and accommodation

Question 9

Relate the surface markings including cranial nerve roots of the brainstem and how they relate to the tracts and structures within the brainstem

Question 10

Compare the corticobulbar tract with the corticospinal tract

Question 11

Define the modalities carried by CN V and its respective nuclei in the brainstem

Question 12

Define the modalities carried by CN VII and its respective nuclei in the brainstem

Question 13

Discuss what a lesion to CN VII would result in

Question 14

Describe the key anatomical characteristics and functions of the spinal cord

Question 15

Describe the main descending motor tract: corticospinal tract

Question 16

Differentiate between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesions

Question 17

Describe the visceral motor innervation of the bladder

Question 18

Differentiate the main sensory tracts in the brainstem: the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway and the anterolateral system

Question 19

Apply the neuroanatomy of the spinal cord to a clinical approach to spinal cord lesions

Question 20

Describe the expansion of the CNS in the development of the nervous system

Question 21

Relate the development of segmented somites to the organization of the nervous system, in particular the spinal cord

Question 22

Define what a dermatome and a myotome is