MIDTERM 2 Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are primary areas of the cortex?
They receive “raw data” in various stages of pre-processing
What are association areas of the cortex?
Integrate information to make sense of the world
Unimodal: Deals with one modality only, ex. sensory association area
Polymodal/heteromodal: integrates several modalities into one experience
What determines the dominant hemisphere
By the language areas (not handedness)
What is the revelance of cellular architechture and cortical architecture of the brain?
They correlate to each other, ie. cellular architecture is related to the functional areas of the brain
What are the 3 types of subcortical fibres?
Commissural: connect hemispheres
Projection: project up/down
Association: connect within hemisphere
Draw and label the internal capsule
(check cortex lecture, slide 15)
Draw and label subcortical fibres of the brain:
- superior longitudinal fasciculus + arcuate fasciculus
- inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus + uncinate fasciculus
- cingulum
- arcuate fibres
- corpus callosum
- internal capsule
- optic radiations
(check cortex lecture slide 12 + slide 14)
What are the differences of transthalamic connections and corticocortical connections?
Transthalamic: connections between the thalamus and association cortices, rapid conduction of signals, less “noise”
Corticocortical: connections between association cortices, relatively slower, makes more “noise”
What is on the medial side of the motor homounculus?
Areas controlling the toes, knees, hips, trunk
Which part of the thalamus is involved in motor processing?
Ventral anterior + Ventral lateral
What happens with a lesion to the primary motor area?
Paralysis
What happens with a lesion to the motor association area?
Apraxia
What parts of the thalamus is involved in sensory processing?
Ventral posterolateral + Ventral posteromedial
What happens when there is a lesion to the primary sensory area?
Poor localization of sensory stimuli
What happens when there is a lesion to the sensory association area?
Tactile agnosia: inability to interpret significance of sensory information
Astereognosis: inability to recognize an object placed in the hand
Which part of the thalamus is involved in hearing?
medial geniculate nucleus
Which part of the thalamus is involved in seeing?
lateral geniculate nucleus
What are the parietal association areas involved in, and how are they different in each hemisphere?
Involved in ATTENTION, AWARENESS OF SELF AND EXTRAPERSONAL SPACE
Dominant (left) hemisphere: attention/awareness of right side
Non-dominant (right) hemisphere: attention/awareness of left side AND right side
What happens when there is a lesion in the non-dominant hemisphere of the parietal association areas? What are 2 tasks to test this condition?
Spatial neglect
2 tasks: star cancellation and copying
What are the temporal association areas involved in?
Recognition
What happens when there is a lesion in the medial temporal lobe?
Prosopagnosia: inability to recognize faces
Explain what the “classic” model for language is?
Language involves only Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, along with the connection between them (arcuate fasciculus)
What are the frontal association areas involved in?
Social behaviour, executive function, directing + maintaining attention
What is Broca’s area responsible for and how does it differ between hemispheres?
Responsible for production of language
Found to produce language mainly in the dominant hemisphere. Also in the non-dom hemisphere for prosody and tone.
