Midterm 1

Question 1

During fear conditioning in rats, the foot shock is

Answer 1

US

Question 2

US devaluation experiments

Answer 2

Support the S-S theory

Question 3

Which of the following classical conditioning phenomena is thought to illustrate a case of S-S learning because the CS that elicits a response is never paired with a biological stimulus

Answer 3

sensory preconditioning

Question 4

According to the Rescorla Wagner model, whether conditioning will occur or not depends on the relationship between

Answer 4

Vn and Vmax

Question 5

Although classical conditioning procedures usually result in ? associations, they may also result in ? associations

Answer 5

S-R; S-S

Question 6

Rats in the random group described by Rescorla

Answer 6

associate the US with background/contextual cues

Question 7

A situation in which the CS elicits a response that looks like the response that is supposed to be conditioned is referred to as

Answer 7

sensitization to the CS

Question 8

To measure the amount of conditioning in the conditioned suppression procedure, the rats response rate in the presence of the CS is compared to

Answer 8

the rats response rate just before the CS is presented

Question 9

To demonstrate renewal of CR

Answer 9

the CR must be extinguished in a different context

Question 10

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, the US becomes less effective on each subsequent conditioning trial because the subject

Answer 10

predicts the occurrence of the US more successfully

Question 11

In the standard eye blink conditioning preparation in rabbits, the eye blink is the

Answer 11

UR and CR

Question 12

In general, the most effective procedure for producing most classically conditioned associations is the ? conditioning procedure

Answer 12

delay

Question 13

Fixed pattern actions are

Answer 13

initially highly variable but quickly become very stereotypes due to experience

Question 14

Extinction is a process whereby

Answer 14

an event that was previously linked to an S* is not longer linked to that S*

Question 15

Extinction is

Answer 15

the acquisition of competing or alternative learning

Question 16

In the Rescorla Wagner model, the symbol ? is used to refer to the associative strength, or the predictive value of the CS

Answer 16

V

Question 17

When researchers present one stimulus with a US and a second stimulus without the inhibitory conditioning procedure is referred to as ? training

Answer 17

differential inhibition

Question 18

The blocking phenomenon is said to occur when

Answer 18

nothing is learned about a novel stimulus despite compound training with an established excitatory CS

Question 19

? refers to the decrement in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response

Answer 19

habituation

Question 20

Which of the following event(s) may function as context cue(s) that can produce renewal effects?

Answer 20

experimenter provides cues that co-occur with the designated CS

Question 21

According to Hull’s drive theory

Answer 21

reduction of drive is “satisfying”

Question 22

The central motive state

Answer 22

• indirectly modulates learning
• influences the incentive value of a goal
• influences the aversive value of a goal
• has an impact on the strength of behaviour

Question 23

Studies in the Aplasia have indicated

Answer 23

sensitization is non-associative

Question 24

Experiments performed in the Aplasia have demonstrated that habituation is caused by

Answer 24

reduction of pool synaptic vesicles

Question 25

According to Hull, S-R associations become stronger as a function of how often they are followed

Answer 25

by stimuli that satisfy a need and reduce a drive

Question 26

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, animals associate a CS with a US if

Answer 26

the US is unexpected

Question 27

The reappearance of a CR to a CS due to a brief presentation of the US is a phenomenon called?

Answer 27

Reinstatement

Question 28

Which of the following terms does not belong with the others in the following - spontaneous recovery - habituation - reinstatement - extinction - renewal

Answer 28

extinction

Question 29

If Vmax=2, V3=1 and alphabeta=1, delateV4 = ?

Answer 29

1

Question 30

In classical conditioning

Answer 30

the CS acquires conditioned incentive value if paired with an incentive

Question 31

sensory preconditioning

Answer 31

- example of S-S learning - involves associating two CSs - occurs before exposure to the US - is conceptually similar to second order conditioning

Question 32

The rescorla wagner model

Answer 32

provides suitable explanation for the asymptotic nature of learning curves

Question 33

Assuming alpha/beta = 1, the value of deltaV6 after extinction is?

Answer 33

the value cannot be calculated

Question 34

Learning that occurs in the absence of drive reduction, but remains unused until a stimulus provides an incentive for using it is known as

Answer 34

latent learning

Question 35

The studies of Aplasia have suggested that

Answer 35

the response of the sensors neutron is not altered by experience

Question 36

the incentive value of a goal stimulus

Answer 36

- is learned - is relative - has an impact on learning - is in part determined by the central motive state

Question 37

The concept of homeostasis refers to

Answer 37

a stable internal state maintained by engaging in different behaviours over time

Question 38

Increased responding to the CS that might occur because of mere exposure to the US is known as

Answer 38

pseudo conditioning

Question 39

Presentation of CS associated with an incentive US will ? instrumental action motivated by an incentive stimulus

Answer 39

increase

Question 40

Which of the following is not classical law of association - frequency of CS-US association - intensity /novelty of CS and US - contiguity

Answer 40

contingency

Question 41

According to the rescorla wagner model, on each CS-US conditioning trial, the ? becomes ? surprising

Answer 41

US; less

Question 42

The rescorla model emphasizes the importance of the ? whereas the Macintosh model emphasizes the importance of the ?

Answer 42

US; CS

Question 43

Which of the following could be an example of Pavlovian conditioned response?

Answer 43

enjoying a familiar song

Question 44

Which of the following could be an example of Pavlovian unconditioned response?

Answer 44

a sense of fear caused by a loud explosion

Question 45

Write the Rescorla wagner model and explain the terms

Answer 45

deltaV = Vmax - Vn Where: deltaV = change in associative strength on each conditioning trial Vmax = maximum associative strength (maximum learning that can occur) Vn = associative strength between CS and US (stronger the association, larger the number)