Kinesiology
Study of art + science of human movement
Norman Triplett
-1st journal published study (“social facilitation)
Coleman Griffin
- 1st Sports psychology lab
- “father of sports psychology in north america”
- Bruce Ogilvie
- Thomas Tutko
- “Application” of sports psychology = applied SP
- “Fathers of APPLIED SP”
Rainer Martens
- Made 1st publishing company
- HK (human kinetics) Founder
Pierre de Coubertin (Europe)
Father of Modern SP
- Avksenty Puni (Russia)
- Piotr Roudik
Found 1st department of Sport Psych (Leningrad + Moscow)
Psychological skill
- Learned characteristics that enhance performance
- Ex: anxiety control, self confidence
Psychological method
- Intervention strategy that develop psych skills
- Ex: goal setting, relaxation
Cultural Competence
Sport psych that understands his client’s racial ID as well as his own, that work together to play in an athletic/consultant relationship
Enculturation
People that are born and raised in a certain culture
Acculturation
Learning to look @ world thru multicultural lenses
Empirical evidence
Observed (in real world)
Theoretical evidence
In Theory
Nature
- Born with (innate)
- The psychological core; typical responses
Nurtured
- Learned traits
- Role related behaviors; social environment
Psychodynamic Theory
- Subconscious motives for behaviors (GENETIC AND LEARNED)
- Key pt: examines WHOLE PERSON + EXPERIENCES
- Nature&Nurture
Behaviorism
- EXTERNAL stimuli in ENVIRONMENT (learned)
- Key pt: “shaping behavior” through positive/neg reinforcements
- Nurture
Cognitive theories
- Behavior is result of LEARNING THRU THINKING
- Cognition = thinking
- “Think before you respond”
- Nuture
Humanistic theory
- ENVIRONMENTAL (LEARNED)
- “NEEDS” determine behavior
- Nurture
Trait theory
- TRAITS within a person’s personality that determines behavior
- GENETICS
- Nature
Jung’s Theory of Personality
- GENETICS & ENVIRONMENT determine behavior
- Nature and nurture
Interactionsm
- Not based on only GENETICS or ENVIRONMENT but the INTERACTION of the two
- Both nature and nurture
Likert Scales
-Point system that determins behavior
Gravitational hypothesis
-Personality trait leads to specific sports
Credulous View
-Personality profiling CAN solve PERFORMANCE
Skeptical view
-Personality profiling is NOT USEFUL, too many unknowns
Morgan’s perspective on relationship between personality and performance
- Personality profiling can identify players w/potential UP TO A POINT
- Lots of situational factors to take into account
Arousal
-Physiological activation
3 Characteristics of Invert U Theory
- CURVILINEAR RELATIONSHIP between AROUSAL + PERFORMANE
- “OPTIMAL” arousal = Peak performance
- “GENERALIZATION” - must consider mediating variables
Drive Theory
Arousal x Skill lvl = Performance
Easterbrook’s Cue Utilization Theory
-What INFO (STIMULI) we choose to pay attention to
- As AROUSAL INCREASES, the ability to attend DECREASES
Ex: Arousal interferes with thinking
Signal Detection Theory
- SOURCE of info (stimuli) we choose to pay attention to
- as arousal increases, “DECISION ERRORS” increases
- Ex: We pay attention to wrong info
Information Processing Theory
- Based on ability of brain to PROCESS INFO
- As arousal INCREASES, COGNITIVE INTERFERENCE (brain waves) increases.
Task Temporality
-As the task comes nears, arousal increases
Task novelty
- New task = low arousal level
- Old task = We can allow for high arousal level without hindering performance
Feedback
- feedback (criticism) = arousal increases (hinders performance)
+ feedback = arousal decreases (facilitates performance)