Midterm 1

Question 1

action research

Answer 1

cyclical process of planning, acting, observing and reflection

• better than expected - great
• less than expected - changes

Question 2

primary factor of effectiveness of IMP

Answer 2

perception of effectiveness

Question 3

why did the rugby player form a diary

Answer 3

Even if they are looking, you cant tell if they are taking it in, you need to look at how they respond

Question 4

why qualitative data

Answer 4

because numbers may not change much

Question 5

imagery

Answer 5

all in the language and how we express ourselves

Question 6

the rugby player’s baseline imagery

Answer 6

difficulty articulating as it was vague and unclear

Question 7

phase one of intervention for rugby player

Answer 7

improve vividness/clarity - use simple skills and watch competent players as models
description of visual and kinesthetic cues

Question 8

How do we know phase one worked?

Answer 8

what happened? whats the point? how does it work?
dairy entry shows increase in clarification of details - saturated description of what he focused on. - comparison - what did you see?

Question 9

phase 2 of intervention (3)

Answer 9

systematic approach toward imagery routine - frequency and duration

• being in control
• they want to know - video footage - actions corresponding with what he sees?

Question 10

final phase

Answer 10

learned a routine and taken over responsibility for his imagery use
- separation of imagined game and actual game

Question 11

follow up interview -

Answer 11

scrummaging is 70% of imagery - recalling the setting and utilized
- saying what you are going to do vs what you do - relapsed for three weeks and went right back to where he was

Question 12

2 developments of imagery skills

Answer 12

language development

basics of imagery training - vividness, controllability, self-perception

Question 13

strategies for imagery

Answer 13

ready - optimal prep state
image - mental picture of correct execution
focus - concentrate on a relevant isolated cue
execute - just do it
evaluate - analyze - reflect - set you up for next performance

Question 14

self confidence

Answer 14

expectations

• feeling good - expect success
• not great - soso results

Question 15

is confidence observable?

Answer 15

yes - you can make inferences from it - reasonable assumption of success

Question 16

how to observe confidence in athletic performance

Answer 16

body language leading up to it, but hard to tell when they are in the middle of it

Question 17

what is confidence?

Answer 17

you expect success - confident athletes believe in themselves

Question 18

self efficacy

Answer 18

perception of one’s ability to perform a task successfully - situation specific form of sel confidence - isolated and task oriented

Question 19

why is it hard to gain self confidence in sports

Answer 19

because everyone can see and they are educated bystanders

Question 20

effect of expectations on performance

Answer 20

pos - pos/neutral outcomes

neg - neg outcomes - far more effective

Question 21

factors influencing sport confidence

Answer 21

demographics and personality characteristics - young (not enough practice) vs old, go getter vs introverted

Question 22

3 sources of sport confidence

Answer 22

achievement - past experiences and expectations
self-regulation - controbility
social climate

Question 23

3 constructs of sport confidence

Answer 23

confidence in decision making skills - successful experiences after practice
confidence in physcial skills and training - preparedness
confidence in resiliency - bouncing back from a not so great performance

Question 24

the triangle of consequences of sport confidence

Answer 24

affect - immediate - body language
behaviour - visible
cognition - audible

Question 25

psycho physiological stress response

Answer 25

somatic physiology - game vs practice - starter vs non starters psychological and physiological stress indicator can be hidden and energy consuming - wear yourself out

Question 26

How to measure psycho physiological stress response

Answer 26

cortisol level before and after game and practice

Question 27

who had higher pre and post game cortisol level - lost

Answer 27

starters always - they might not say anything

Question 28

non starters and pre and post game and pre and post practice cortisol

Answer 28

higher after vs lower after

Question 29

pre and post practice for starters

Answer 29

higher after

Question 30

self confidence for starters before and after game and practice

Answer 30

slightly lower | doesnt change

Question 31

self confidence for non-starters before and after game and practice

Answer 31

lower | slightly higher

Question 32

confidence interventions are designed to

Answer 32

enhance sport confidence must reflect ind needs- involve identify an athlete's sources and types and ensure that they are intart during copetition prep phase

Question 33

types vs constructs of confidence

Answer 33

same - what allows for your athlete to b diff

Question 34

idiographic vs nomonthetic

Answer 34

indibidual vs gp

Question 35

confidence level and relationship to peak performance

Answer 35

confident ind are more task diagnostic and focus on finding solutions to problems when they encounter obstacles - analytic, talk specifics, critical fdbk

Question 36

less confident ind

Answer 36

focus on perceived inadequacies - blame it on their short comings

Question 37

attributes or symptoms are associated with

Answer 37

confidence - psychological factors are interconnected, same with physiologcial ones

Question 38

lack of confidence leads to (3)

Answer 38

anxiety, depression, dissatisfaction

Question 39

5 characteristics of self-confidence

Answer 39

``` positive affect challenging goal persistance in achieving goals productive achievement behavior and effort ? ```

Question 40

gatlin vs bolt

Answer 40

better athlete on paper but hes never beat bolt | - we do not function like robots - esp in a competition setting because you get distracted

Question 41

behavior and lack of confidence

Answer 41

timid and unsure (fencing) | but confidence can backfire

Question 42

gender and performance

Answer 42

difference but not innate - they have learned to be different through societal values

Question 43

confidence intervention and individual needs (2 aspects)

Answer 43

social environment - coaching staff and teammates | past achievements - records - acknowledgements

Question 44

how do past experiences help you with designing intervention

Answer 44

zero in on what your athletes need

Question 45

why only a small population for the study

Answer 45

not a whole lot of world athletes

Question 46

why do we like to zone in on neg and how to counter

Answer 46

societal/cultural - focus on good things first

Question 47

being a novice means

Answer 47

not knowing what to expect

Question 48

why are you a novice when you have had training?

Answer 48

past experience with a different team, new team and environment - number of pos vs neg experiencces

Question 49

if theres not enough confidence

Answer 49

achievement will not play into today's ability

Question 50

Why are first major events just an experience?

Answer 50

because you have never been there, fdbk from other classes, and previous experience can only get you so far

Question 51

qualitative research

Answer 51

describe - words rather than numbers

Question 52

cognitive anxiety statement

Answer 52

im concerned about this competition

Question 53

somatic anxiety statement

Answer 53

my body feels tense

Question 54

self confidence

Answer 54

i feel at ease

Question 55

6 questions for cometitive state anxiety inventory

Answer 55

``` match importance ind performance think win opposition rating recent performance perceived readiness ```

Question 56

why is video imagery the most effective -2

Answer 56

comprehensive because you focus on diff things and we dont know what they see more stimulation

Question 57

all image modalities

Answer 57

effects do not occur

Question 58

realistic motor representation in imagery

Answer 58

timing of the imagined action should be identical to that of the actual movement

Question 59

daydreaming vs purposeful imagery

Answer 59

kids vs athletes - different focus to factor out things that are irrelevant - age/matruity/past experiences - skills related to the task - distinguish - descriptors to make it distint