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ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY > MIDTERM 1 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

The study of interdependence and interaction among geographic areas, natural systems, processes, society and cultural activities over space. A spatial science.

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2
Q

Economic Geography

A

Study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the world.

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3
Q

Place

A

A specific location and the values and characteristics associated with it.

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4
Q

Location

A

position that something occupies on Earth’s surface

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5
Q

Key concepts in Geography (5)

A

Location

Space

Place

Movement

Region

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6
Q

Relative Space

A

Perceptual, socially produced. Subject to change depending on who is viewing it, and when.

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7
Q

Conceptions of space (4)

A

Location

Territory

Place

Scale

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8
Q

Relative Distance

A

measured in transport/travel costs or travel time. (i.e. 10 min walk, 12 hour plane ride). More important in economic terms than absolute distance.

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9
Q

Absolute Distance

A

Objective distance that can be measured.

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10
Q

Psychological Distance

A

Subjective perception of how far something is.

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11
Q

Distance Decay

A

Reduction in the amount of movement/spatial interaction between two places the greater distance they are apart.

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12
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a location.

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13
Q

Situation`

A

The location/place of a site relative to other locations/places.

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14
Q

Conceptions of space (5)

A

Location

Distance

Territory

Place

Scale

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15
Q

What is a major determinant in how an economic landscape is formed?

A

overcoming distance requires time and money!

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16
Q

Territory

A

Bounded portions of space as defined by the power exercised over them. Space that is under the control of a group or individual.

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17
Q

Primary form of territorial power is exercised by…

A

governments

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18
Q

Most cities have a labor market represented by areas within ______ hours of commuting time

A

1-2 commuting time

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19
Q

Johann Heinrich von Thünen model

A
  • earliest attempt to analyze the effect of distance on patterns of land use
  • while outdated, captures essence of how costs associated with distance can affect the spatial structure of economic activities
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20
Q

Assumptions of the von Thünen model

A
  • transport costs were directionally proportional to distance
  • landscape, soil fertility etc. were uniform in all directions
  • there was only one market center for products
    y
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21
Q

Johann Heinrich von Thünen model

A
  • earliest attempt to analyze the effect of distance on patterns of land use
  • while outdated, captures essence of how costs associated with distance can affect the spatial structure of economic activities

Developed 200 years ago by German land owner

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22
Q

Bid- rent theory

A

refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre.

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23
Q

Relative Location

A

location relative to something else.

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24
Q

Defining site (4)

A

Climate

Topography

Lat/Long

Vegetation

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25
Q

Conceptions of distance:

A

Absolute/Relative

Time

Economic

Psychological

26
Q

Region

A

Segment of the earth with a unique combination of features.

27
Q

Types of Region (3)

A

Formal Region

Functional Region

Vernacular

28
Q

Formal Region

A

Measurable, involves defined boundaries.

29
Q

Functional Region

A

Defined by systems of interaction, coverage of networks

  • organized around a central focal point
  • national highway system, TELUS coverage system, university campus, subway system
30
Q

Vernacular

A

Based on feelings, attitudes, stereotypes

  • The American South
  • The Middle East
  • Cascadia
31
Q

Vernacular

A

Based on feelings, attitudes, stereotypes

  • The American South
  • The Middle East
  • Cascadia
32
Q

Types of scales (5)

A 
Spatial
Temporal
Social
Political 
Economic
33
Q

“Environmental”

A

Concerning other than human worlds

34
Q

“Political”

A

Concerning power and distribution of resources

35
Q

Political Ecology

A

The idea that all political projects are environmental and all environmental projects are political.

36
Q

Political Ecology

A

The idea that all political projects are environmental and all environmental projects are political.

37
Q

Two concerns of political ecology

A
  • combines ecology/biology with political economy

- View of “nature” and “society” as mutually constitutive

38
Q

Vancouver’s Industries

A 
Coastal (port, trade)
Gateway city
Logging
Fisheries
Mining
Housing
Left leading city
Profit of First Nations
39
Q

Vancouver’s Industries

A 
Coastal (port, trade)
Gateway city
Logging
Fisheries
Mining
Housing
Left leading city
Profit off of First Nations
40
Q

Things to consider when considering place through an economic lens:

A

History
Environment
Social/Cultural background
Local policies

41
Q

Things to consider when considering place through an economic lens:

A

History
Environment
Social/Cultural background
Local policies

42
Q

Canada’s levels of government

A

federal
provincial
municipal (city/town)

43
Q

Why did Facebook choose to locate their data centres at Prineville, Oregon when the HQ is in California?

A

Climate: Dry
high rates of evaporation - evaporative cooling for machines

Territorial Space: Government Economic Jurisdiction
“long term rural enterprise zone” where there is exemption from property and income tax for up to 15 years

Site: Remote
Security advantage

Situation: Proximity to power source - local utility company for coal energy

44
Q

human geography

A

Human geography is the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments.

45
Q

Why did Facebook choose to locate their data centres at Forest City, North California when the HQ is in California?

A
  • low cost, reliable power
  • low cost land - rural
  • local tax incentives
  • low cost water
  • close to major airport
  • clustering effect (google, apple)
46
Q

Why is territory an important concept in economic geography?

A

Power over a territory equals:

  • what flows ACROSS territorial boundaries (workers, products, money)
  • power over processes and activities WITHIN that territory
47
Q

“economic” space

A

the expanse of territory across which economic connections are made

48
Q

“economic” space

A

the expanse of territory across which economic connections are made.

49
Q

Scales of economic analysis

A

Global

Macroregional

National

Regional

Urban

Local

Workplace/Home

The Body

50
Q

Federal government responsibilities (4)

A

trade regulation
external relations
citizenship
defence

51
Q

Municipal government responsibilities (3)

A

water
sewage
waste collection
land use planning

52
Q

Territorial/Provincial government responsibilities (4)

A

property and civil rights
administration of justice
natural resources and the environment
welfare

53
Q

Municipal government responsibilities (4)

A

water
sewage
waste collection
land use planning

54
Q

Globalization

A

Growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increase of the variety and volume of cross-border transactions of goods and services and international capital flows (through the rapid and widespread diffusion of technology & ideas)

55
Q

How are economics different today?

A
  • Global integration
  • Shifts in global economic power
  • Shifting forms of of corporate organization, consumer behaviours and state regulation
56
Q

Scale

A

Area over which phenomena exists

57
Q

Global economic integration

A
  • ↑ interdependency
  • Transnational companies and outsourcing
  • ↑ flows - people (migration), capital, trade, goods, information, OTH life forms
  • More coordinated global financial management
  • Countries emerging from the margins of the global economy
  • Emergence of international financial institutions
58
Q

Shifts in global economic power

A
  • ↓global output (value of all goods and services) of US & other wealthy industrialized countries
  • ↑ global output in China and Asia
  • ↑ geopolitical power of China & BRICS
  • Shifting forms of corporate organization, consumer behaviour and state regulation
59
Q

Global economic integration via: changing technologies

A
  • Information & Communications (ICT)
  • Digitization of daily life
  • Computer-centric lifestyle
  • Global adoption of wireless mobile technology
  • Benefits? Challenges? For whom
60
Q

Environmental challenges today (4)

A
  • Climate change
  • Resource constraints/depletion
  • Growth imperative
  • Environmental destruction

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (15 decks)

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