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CRIM 1300 > Midterm #1 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 major areas of crime

A
  1. definition of crime & criminals
  2. the origns and role of law
  3. socail distribution of crime
  4. causation of crime
  5. patterns of criminal behaviour
  6. societal reactions to crime
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2
Q

definition of crime & criminals

A

which acts are defined as crime?

who should be defined as a criminal?

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3
Q

the origns and role of law

A

why are some acts defined as crimnal?

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4
Q

socail distribution of crime

A

charactriscs of criminals, trends, occurance of crime, types and rates of crim

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5
Q

causation of crime

A

why do some people commit crimes?

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6
Q

patterns of criminal behaviour

A

who are offenders? victims? under what circumstances are offences most likely to occur?

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7
Q

societal reactions to crime

A

process law violators through a criminal justice system that includes the police, courts, and the corrections system

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8
Q

norms

A

established rules of behaviour or standrs of conduct

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9
Q

consensus approach

A
  • beleive that law represents the consenus of the people

- law reflects the vlaues shared by most memebers of society

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10
Q

conflcit approach

A
  • beleive that laws are passed by memebrs of the ruling class to aintain their priveldged position
  • keeping common people under control
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11
Q

criminal law

A

defineas the anture of various criminal offences (murder, manslaughter, thetft)

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12
Q

“true crime”

A

occurs when an individual egages in conduct that is not only prohibited but also constitutes a serious breach of community values

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13
Q

regulatory offences

A

far less serious offences in nature, no more than a fine or max 6m

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14
Q

common law

A

the body of judge-made law that has evolved in areas not coverred by legislation

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15
Q

two special types of norms that were identified by William Graham Sumner:

A

1) mores (right and wrong)

2) Folkways (Rights and Rude)

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16
Q

Mores

A

right and wrong

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17
Q

folkways

A

rights and rude

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18
Q

Crime:

A

Any form of human behaviour that is designated by law as criminal and subject to penal sanction

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19
Q

download

A

A rule with consequences

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20
Q

Rule of Law:

A
  • We accept that laws are rules of society and when transgressed will have repercussions
  • Must be applied equally and fairly to all
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21
Q

Social Deviations

A

Alcoholism, sexual fetishes

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22
Q

Social Diversions

A

Body piercing, tattoos, cross-dressing

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23
Q

Interactionist approach

A
  • Laws are constantly changing
  • Laws result from interaction among individuals and groups
  • Moral entrepreneurs try to get their values enacted in law
  • Being labelled deviant may promote further deviance
  • The focus is on the process of deviance and changing definitions
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24
Q

Mala in se

A

bad in and of themselves

consenus crimes

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25
Q

Mala prohibitum

A

bad because banned

conflict crimes

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26
Q

Functions of the Criminal Law

A

Providing social control

Discouraging revenge

Expressing public opinion and morality

Deterring criminal behaviour

Maintaining the social order

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27
Q

Crime funnel:

A

100% crimes committed
37% reported to police
14% crimes cleared
3% convictions obtained

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28
Q

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

A

desgined to procide uniform and comparable national stats

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29
Q

UCR 2

A

collects data based on characteristics of the victim and the accused as well as cahracteristics of the indident itself

30
Q

Crime Severity Index

A

measures both the volum and the seriousness of police-reported crime in Canada

31
Q

Critical race theory

A

focuses on racial subobrbination, racism, and discrimiantion

also examines the intersection of race, gender, and class in the criminal justice process

32
Q

social constructionist approach

A

questions the idea that there is an observable or measureable social relaity

rather proposed that a crime is whatever a particular soiety defines it to be

33
Q

6 correlate of crime:

A
  1. age
  2. gender
  3. race
  4. drug and alchol misuse
  5. socio-economic status
  6. spatial location
34
Q

the text outlines three criterias of casualty what are they?

A

the casual sequence must involve three variables in an A causes a B causes C fashion

35
Q

in larger more modern societies, norms tend to be more formal and codified these are called?

A

laws

36
Q

_____ crimes refer to those that vioalte community norms and moral values

A

mala in se

37
Q

according to Frank Furedi:

A

a. students should learn how to interpret lecture notes
b. students need to learn how to think for themselves
c. the distribution of notes on a website is a disincentive for attending class
d. all of the above

38
Q

which of the following is NOT one of the critiques mentioned in the text of the UCR?

A

the UCR are fabricated by bureaucratic officials

39
Q

Dark figure crime

A

the % of crime not reported to police

40
Q

Qualitative

A

The non numerical examination and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships

41
Q

Quantitative

A

The numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observations represent

42
Q

Routine Activities Theory (RAT)

A

three necessary conditions for most crime; a likely offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian, coming together in time and space.

43
Q

Crime and the media: accuracy, sociological effects

A

The media selectively reports crime

The public reads the reports, and crime becomes politicized

44
Q

Criminal statistics

A

Create valid, reliable measures of crime

International crime trends

45
Q

Sociology of law

A

Interested in the role of criminal law in shaping society

46
Q

Theory construction

A

Explaining, predicting, criminal behaviour

47
Q

Criminal behaviour

A

Determining nature, cause of crime patterns

48
Q

Penology

A

Correction and control of criminal behaviour

49
Q

Victimology

A

Nature, cause of victimization

50
Q

Labelling theory

A
  • Not the quality of act but the label that others attach to the act
  • Who applies the label and who is labeled?
51
Q

Social Control

A

External sanctions enforced by government to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie in society

52
Q

Inchoate crimes

A

a crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime.

The most common example of an inchoate offense is “attempt”.

53
Q

Sample attrition

A

individual observations drop out from the study over time

54
Q

Hagan’s Typology of Crime model

A
  1. Consensus crimes (i.e. murder)
  2. Conflict crimes (i.e. drugs, alcohol)
  3. Social Deviations (i.e non-criminal violations of public and/or financial trust)
  4. Social Diversions (sexual practices)
55
Q

Sociological views of crime

A
56
Q

Disciplinary Perspectives

A
57
Q

]Which of the following topes of crimes are overrepresented in media coverage compared to their incidence in real life?

A

Violent crimes

58
Q

According to Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey, which of the following best describes criminology?

A

A body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

59
Q

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the social distribution of crime?

A

The relatively higher rate of criminal offending by younger aboriginal men.

60
Q

Which of the following labels so criminologists apply to crimes committed by upper-class people in the courses of their legitimate business activates?

A

White-collar crimes

61
Q

According to Hagan, how is the continuous variable of social deviance best understood?

A

It is measured using a scale that ranges from the most to the least serious acts

62
Q

In Canadian society, we judge people based on their honesty. In sociological terms, which of the following does honesty best represent?

A

Values

63
Q

According to Max Weber, which of the following best describes the state as an intuition.

A

It claims the exclusive right to the legitimate use of force in a given territory.

64
Q

According to Max Weber, which of the following best describes the state as an intuition.

A

It claims the exclusive right to the legitimate use of force in a given territory.

65
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic that a small-scale society is likely to have?

A

A kin- or self-based redress system

66
Q

Which of the following methods is best to use to learn more about characteristics of offenders?

A

Self-report studies

67
Q

The criminal defence of NCRMD stands for which of the following?

A

No criminally responsible on account of mental disorder

68
Q

Subjective mens rea

A

someone cannot be convicted of a criminal offence unless they deliberately intended to bring about the consequences prohibited by law

deliberately chose to do something wrong

69
Q

Objective mens rea

A

based on the determination of whether a reasonable person, in the same circumstances and with the same knowledge would have committed the crime

70
Q

three forms of subjective mens rea

A

1) intention and knowledge
2) recklessness
3) wilful blindness

CRIM 1300 (2 decks)

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