Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 7 rights of Medication Administration

A

Client, Documentation, Dose, Drug, Reason, Route, Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

How a drug moves through the body (absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted * ADME * )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

How a drug affects the body (how it works)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The use of a drug to prevent and treat disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors affect the absorption of medications? Medication and Patient related factors.

A

Medication: Route, Drug Formulation & Other drugs.
Patient: Area of absorptive surface, blood flow, pain, stress, disease and diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors affect the distribution of drugs?

A

Blood flow, solubility, & protein binding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What a drug is metabolized it can come one of 3 things. What are they?

A

Inactive Metabolite: No longer able to work in the body
Active Metabolite: metabolized but still able to work in the body
Pro Drug: doesn’t become active until it is metabolized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some factors affecting metabolism?

A

Liver failure, genetics, environment and other drugs, and age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are most drugs excreted?

A

By the kidneys and leave the body through urine. A small amount of drug may be excreted through saliva, GI, skin, sweat, and breast milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Half Life?

A

The time it takes for half of a drug to achieve 50% of the original plasma concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 reasons we give drugs?

A

Acute, Maintenance, Supportive, Supplemental/Replacement & Palliative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Agonist drugs

A

Drugs that produce the same response as the endogenous substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Antagonist

A

Drugs that block the endogenous chemical from acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Therapeutic Effect

A

The desired effect of the medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define side effect

A

a documented effect other than the desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Adverse effect

A

a side effect that can cause serious harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Contraindication

A

A drug should not be used as it may cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define Idiosyncratic Effect

A

Non-documented drug effect, likely due to individual genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Allergic Reaction

A

the patients immune system recognizes the drug as a threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Aanaphyalctic reaction

A

Severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Additive Effect

A

similar drugs give together to create double the therapeutic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Synergistic Effect

A

Different drugs give together to increase the action of one of the drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Antagonistic effect

A

when two drugs compete for absorption or protein binding sites resulting in a less then desired therapeutic effect for one or both drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Schedule 1 drugs

A

Available only by prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define Schedule 2 drugs
Available only by pharmacist and consultation required
26
Define Schedule 3 drugs
Available via open access in a pharmacy or pharmacy area (OTC)
27
Define Unscheduled Drugs
Can be sold in any store without professional supervision
28
Name 5 reasons why wouldn’t give medication
* drug interactions * allergies * patient refusal * tolerance * contraindications
29
What are the receptor sites associated with parasympathetic systems
cholinergic
30
what are the receptor sites associated with sympathetic systems?
adrenergic
31
Name 4 physiological responses associated with sympathetic nervous system
* dilated pupils * vasodilation * decrease saliva * increase BP
32
What vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
Vitamin K
33
What Vitamins are Fat Soluble and what does Fat soluble mean?
A D E K. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue.
34
What Vitamins are Water Soluble and what does Water Soluble mean?
Water-soluble vitamins mean they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body; they include vitamin C and all of the vitamin B complex and , Folic Acid
35
Which vitamin are toxic in large amounts?
Fat soluble because they can stay in the body for a long time period
36
What can a deficit in potassium can lead to?
Hypokalemia
37
What can an increase in sodium lead to?
Hypernatremia
38
Name some safety factors that you would follow after administering a medication
* documenting in the correct place * complete assessment * check for next medication time and ensure there is enough medication for the next dose
39
What step of pharmacokinetics does protein binding effect and why?
distribution - the portion of the drug bound to a protein is unable to elicit a therapeutic response
40
"The drug causes dilation of coronary vessels" Is this is pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics and why?
pharmacodynamics because this is how the drug works
41
What should a nurse do if he/she made a medication error?
Call physician or clarify with the prescriber
42
Where are narcotics stored? What is a narcotics sheet?
Locked narcotic cupboard. Narcotic sheet- monitor movement of narcotics. Inventory of narcotics. Start of shift, a shift count of narcotics.
43
In order for medications to work, they must combine with a cellular receptor. What happens if they bind to a protein?
If a medication is bound to a protein, that means it is bound and not free. It is not free therefore it is inactive.
44
What medical conditions is most likely to cause medication toxicity?
Relate organs in metabolism and excretion- liver failure and kidney failure or any liver and kidney related.
45
What occurs during the process of metabolism?
The drugs are detoxified and changed into a water soluble form. Getting ready for excretion. Excretion is urine based.
46
Contrast medication abuse vs misuse
Abuse- when a drug is used more frequently or in higher doses. Stimulants and CNS depressants. Misuse- using the medication for purposes for which it was not intended for.
47
What do adrenergic blockers do?
Block alpha and beta receptor sites. Indirectly inhibit the release of norepi and epi.
48
How do anticholinergics work?
Blocks receptors for ACh. Blocks action of Ach. Inhibit para impulses. Induces fight or flight response.
49
What medications mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine? What are they used to treat?
Cholinergic agonists. Direct acting cholinergic agonist- to increase smooth muscle tone- used by patients with urinary retention.
50
What vitamin is given with calcium to enhance absorption?
Vitamin D
51
What are some possible adverse effects of K+ supplementation?
Changes in cardiac rhythm, skeletal muscle irritability, damage to veins (IV)
52
What are some signs that your Parasympathetic system is activated?
Pupils constrict, HR slows, Bronchi constrict, Intestinal motility stimulated, bladder contracts
53
What are some signs that your Sympathetic system is activated?
Fight or Flight: Pupils dilated, HR increase, Bronchi dilate, Inhibit stomach motility, bladder relax
54
What is the primary autonomic nervous system neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic system?
Norepinephrine
55
What is the primary autonomic nervous system neurotransmitter for the Paraympathetic system?
Acetylcholine
56
What do Cholinergic Agonists do?
Mimic the parasympathetic neurostransmitter acetylcoline
57
What does Vitamin A do?
Helps with Epithelial tissues, skin, eyes, hair, bone growth
58
What does Folic Acid do?
* Needed for DNA synthesis * Essential for CNS development of a fetus * Aids in the production of RBCs
59
What are the five main minerals/electrolytes the human body needs to function?
Sodium * Potassium * Calcium * Magnesium * Iron
60
Do the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems fall under Somatic or Autonomic?
Autonomic
61
Do Adrenergic Receptors fall under Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?
Sympathetic
62
Do Cholinergic Receptors fall under Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?
Parasympathetic
63
Do Alpha and Beta fall under Adrenergic Receptors or Cholinergic receptors?
Adrenergic
64
What system is associated with Fight or Flight?
Sympathetic
65
What system is associated with Rest & Digest?
Parasympathetic
66
What does Beta 1 affect?
Heart
67
What does Beta 2 affect?
Lungs
68
What are the side effects of Alpha 1 blockers?
Orthostatic hypotension
69
What are the side effects of Beta 1 blockers?
Dizziness, drowsiness, light headed
70
What is the Chemical Name of a drug?
The scientific name that describes the drugs structure
71
What is the Generic Name of a drug?
An abbreviation of the chemical name
72
What is the Trade/Brand name of a drug?
The name assigned to the drug by the manufacturer/company. For example: N-acetyl-p-aminophenol is a chemical name, acetaminophen is a generic name and Tylenol is the trade name for the same drug
73
How many Chemical names can a drug have?
One
74
How many Generic names can a drug have?
One
75
How many Trade/Brand names can a drug have?
Multiple
76
What is the difference between brand name and generic drugs?
Generic drugs are less expensive but they may differ in their bio availability which is the ability of the drug to reach its target tissue and produce its effect.
77
What is drug dependence?
The physiological or psychological need for a substance
78
What are Indications?
The conditions for which a drug is approved
79
Which drug names would the nurse expect the client to use in a health history?
Trade names. Trade names are designed to help the client remember the names of the drug.

Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions