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Psyc law midterm 1 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Beginning of class slides

A

bass speakers, who’s/whose your daddy, WIFI naming, theft of rudolph signs, dog barking band

guilty dog
cat exhausted after interrogation
walk of shame
dragging cat to polygraph
piper
cat at vet
cat nap (low motivation)
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2
Q

Forensic psyc defn

A

application of science and psyc to things relating to law and legal sys, incls clinical and experimental

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3
Q

Early research (3)

A

Cattell - weather/inaccurate recall
Binet - pictures, stamp recall/suggestability in children
Stern - staged encounter/emo affects accuracy

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4
Q

Early testimony (2)

A

Schreck-Notzing/retro memory falsification

Varendonck - leading questions/inaccurate recall in children

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5
Q

Father of psyc

A

Munsterberg: “on witness stand”

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6
Q

Wells/Loftus 1970s

A

Resurgance of psyc in CJS
Mostly adults
Social psyc starts producing theories of crime

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7
Q

Expert witness function

A

Aid understanding, provide opinion

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8
Q

Mohan criteria

A

expert, not violate rules of exclusion, relevant, necessary

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9
Q

Daubert criteria US

A

plus recognized rate of error

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10
Q

Challenges to forensic psyc expert testimony in court (4)

A

perception about social science, not necessary, lack of understanding, law/science rivals

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11
Q

What makes police selection difficult? (2)

A

unmeasurable qualities, no weighting

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12
Q

Current selection processes (6)

A 
Physical fitness
Cognitive ability
Personality
Job related abilities
Criminal record
Medical Health
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13
Q

RCMP aptitude test - what does it measure, how

A

Measures cognitive ability
7 essential competencies: composition, comprehension, memory, judgement, observation, logic, computation
compo-pre-pu, jom

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14
Q

Personality tests (2) - probs, how are they used

A

MMPI, IPI (IPI specific to police - better)
Prob: measure appropriate?, quality
Used as pass/fail in many depts

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15
Q

Job related abilities tests (2)

A

Situational - Clues, Foot Patrol Observation

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16
Q

Main problem of selection tests

A

low to mod predicability, academy results vs real world

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17
Q

Who is selected with these tests? Pro/cons

A

RWA
Pro: nature of job, milgram obedience
Con: activation model, prone to prejudice, punitive

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18
Q

Goal of interrogation

A

More info, confession

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19
Q

Legal rights of police

A

Can lie, use emo state, fail to inform

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20
Q

Limitations for police on interrogations

A

deception unless REALLY relevant, threat/torture physically, long isolations, promises of leniency, fail to miranda

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21
Q

REID technique psychological approach

A

Min-max: min reasons not to confess and max reasons to confess

22
Q

REID min-max tactics

A

Min: extenuating circumstances, external attributions, belittle seriousness of crime, blame victim
Max: scare, false claims, exaggerate seriousness

23
Q

Stages of REID interview (3)

A

Fact analysis, behavioural analysis, accustatory interview

24
Q

Steps in accusatory interview (9)

A
  1. confront with guilt
  2. develop themes to help suspect confess (min)
  3. interrupt any attempt to deny
  4. continue interruption until quiet
  5. ensure focus on interview
  6. sympathy
  7. alternative questions, aimed at responsibilty to others
  8. break/help develop confession
  9. have suspect write/sign

Most commonly used: 1, 3, 7

25
Criticisms of REID interview
encourages ppl to act against own interest, subjective, no empirical evidence
26
Problems with using REID
lie detection skills poor, assumption of guit, investigator bias, false confessions due to coersion (2nd most common factor of wrongful conviction)
27
Study associated with REID
KAssin - alt key
28
Types of involuntary confessions (3)
``` Voluntary false (jonbenet) Coerced-compliant (confess but know innocent) Coerced-internalized (come to believe you may have done it)(Ingram daughters) ```
29
When is confession admissable? (3)
voluntary, competent, person of authority
30
Alternative to REID
peace
31
Steps in PEACE
``` Prep/plan interview (goals) Explain/engage Account (of situation) Closure (sum) Evaluate ```
32
What does polygraph record
Autonomic arousal through respiration/skin/BP
33
Question types in polygraph
relevant/irrelevant (old); old plus control (poor at detecting innocence); guilty knowledge (poor at detecting guilt)
34
Other types of polygraph
Thermal imaging (face), brain based (ERP)
35
Lie cues and why they don't work well
- reliable verbal - less logical structure of story, fewer details, fewer emotional attributes - reliable non verbal - higher voice pitch, eye blinks, touch self, muscles tense - micro expressions Accuracy low - we have truth bias, think we can figure out tells
36
McMartin case: items leading to the problem (5)
``` suggestive letter: implication of confirmation parents interviewing use of positive/neg consequences repetitious questions invite speculation/pretend ```
37
Ceci study: Sam Stone
Study was about suggestibility - 4 conditions - results: suggestion questions and suggestion questions plus story pre resulted in high false reports Children are more susceptible to suggestion, but not as much as we think
38
Stepwise interview (9)
``` rapport fun memory explain truth introduce topic free narrative questions - general questions - specific aids if needed conclude ```
39
Other interview approaches for children
Narrative elaboration - cards Sand table - play Anatomical dolls
40
Structured validity assessment steps (3)
1. structured interview (stepwise would be here) 2. criteria based content analysis (CBCA) - 19 criteria - must have 5 plus 2 more - 5: coherence, spontaneous reproduction, sufficient detail, context embedding, description of interactions - 2more: ie reproduce a conversation, unexpected complication, unusual detail 3. Application of checklist - Psyc characteristic of child and of interview, motivational factors, investigative questions
41
Remembering for children: people, recognition
People: less verbally rich (developmental stage), trouble with perspective related (height), good with same those adults are (facial hair) Recognition: ID rates compare to adults but not enough cog complexity to say perp is not in lineup (desire to please)
42
Lineups
Sequential - not good for kids - more impulsive, guess, confusion Elimination - worse than adults but better than when absent
43
Child issues in court
- don't feel safe, traumatized
44
Ways to make children safe in court
``` behind screen closed circuit tv, others can report, comfort object/person media bans, seating ```
45
Child competency considerations
Developmental stage Recall Understanding/context - know self vs other Memory - truth/false?
46
Canada Evidence act changes for children
- presumption of capacity to testify (tested) | - child must promise to tell truth
47
Expert testimony: Psyc/law have 7 different dimensions of conflict
``` Epistimology Nature Knowledge Methodology Criterion Principles Latitude of behaviour ```
48
Police discretion
Prob: bias/discrimination Controls: policy of dept, use of force models
49
Criminal profiling methods (2)
Inductive: based on knowledge of other solved cases Deductive: based on evidence left at scene
50
Organized-disorganized model
categorizes crime scenes/background of serial offenders as well planned or impulsive
51
Profiling validity
relies on classic trait model developed in 1970s | - assumes traits are stable/internal
52
Geographic profiling
uses crime locations to predict likelihood of criminal residence

Psyc law midterm 1 (2 decks)

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