Midterm 1 Drugs to Know

Question 1

cocaine

Answer 1

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time;
*indirect acting adrenergic; blocks re-uptake of norepinephrine; potentiates adrenergic (sympathetic) activity; results in mydriasis and vasoconstriction\

mydriatic

indirect acting adrenergic agonist; inhibits reuptake of NE; causes mydriasis and vasoconstriction; only about 2 mm of mydriasis

Question 2

tetracaine

Answer 2

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

Question 3

benoxinate

Answer 3

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

Question 4

proparacaine

Answer 4

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

Question 5

lidocaine

Answer 5

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

Question 6

procaine hydrochloride (novacain)

Answer 6

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

Question 7

lidocaine hydrochloride (xylocain)

Answer 7

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

Question 8

mepivacaine hydrochloride (carbocaine)

Answer 8

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

Question 9

bupivacaine hydrochloride (marcaine)

Answer 9

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

Question 10

epinephrine

Answer 10

vasoconstrictor added in combination with injection anesthetics; prolongs duration, decreases systemic absorption, decreases bleeding

Question 11

pilocarpine

Answer 11

miotic

muscarinic cholinergic agonist; iris sphincter contraction- pupil constriction; ciliary muscle contraction- accommodation and increased aqueous flow

Question 12

scopolamine

Answer 12

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

Question 13

tropicamide

Answer 13

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

Question 14

atropine

Answer 14

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

Question 15

cyclopentolate

Answer 15

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

Question 16

homatropine

Answer 16

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

Question 17

phenylephrine

Answer 17

mydriatic

direct-acting alpha 1 agonist; mimics effects of NE; stimulates iris dilator muscle; produces conjunctival vasoconstriction

Question 18

hydroxyamphetamine

Answer 18

mydriatic

indirect acting adrenergic agonist; inhibits reuptake of NE with some stimulation of NE release

Question 19

dapiprazole (Rev-Eyes)

Answer 19

mydriolytic

adrenergic antagonist; blocks adrenergic receptors; causes miosis; “reversal of dilation”

Question 20

Durezol

difluprednate 0.05%

Answer 20

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 21

Pred Forte, Omni Pred

prednisolone acetate 1%

Answer 21

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 22

Pred Mild

prednisolone acetate 0.1%

Answer 22

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 23

Inflamase Forte

prednisolone sodium phosphate 1%

Answer 23

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 24

FML

fluorometholone alcohol 0.1%

Answer 24

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 25

FML Forte | fluorometholone alcohol 0.25%

Answer 25

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 26

Flarex | fluorometholone acetate 0.1%

Answer 26

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 27

Maxidex | dexamethasone 0.1%

Answer 27

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 28

Alrex | loteprednol 0.2%

Answer 28

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 29

Lotemax | loteprednol 0.5%

Answer 29

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 30

Lotemax SM | loteprednol 0.38%

Answer 30

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 31

Eysuvis | loteprednol 0.25%

Answer 31

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 32

Inveltys | loteprednol 1%

Answer 32

topical corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 33

Kenalog | triamcinolone

Answer 33

injectable corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 34

Retisert

Answer 34

implantable corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 35

Iluvien

Answer 35

implantable corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 36

Ozurdex

Answer 36

implantable corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 37

Dextenza

Answer 37

implantable corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 38

Prednisone

Answer 38

oral corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 39

Medrol | methylprednisolone

Answer 39

oral corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 40

Acular | ketorolac 0.5%

Answer 40

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 41

Acuvail | ketorolac 0.45%

Answer 41

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 42

Bromsite | bromfenac 0.075%

Answer 42

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 43

Prolensa | bromfenac 0.07%

Answer 43

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 44

Ilevro | nepafenac 0.3% susp

Answer 44

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 45

Nevanac | nepafanac 0.1% susp

Answer 45

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 46

Voltaren | dicolefenac 0.1% susp, 1% gel

Answer 46

topical NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 47

ibuprofen

Answer 47

oral NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 48

indomethacin

Answer 48

oral NSAID inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 49

aceteaminophen

Answer 49

oral pain relief inhibits prostaglandin synthesis similar to COX-2 specific drugs (higher activity in the CNS); good antipyretic and analgesic

Question 50

codeine

Answer 50

opioid binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

Question 51

hydrocodone

Answer 51

opioid binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

Question 52

oxycodone

Answer 52

opioid binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

Question 53

tramadol

Answer 53

opioid binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria also a weak inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Question 54

buprenorphine

Answer 54

opioid partial agonist; acts like morphine in patients who have not taken opioids; causes withdrawal in users of full opioid agonists

Question 55

naloxone

Answer 55

opioid antagonist rapidly displaces all receptor-bound opioid molecules; reverses the effect of overdose

Question 56

Lortab

Answer 56

hydrocodone + acetaminophen

Question 57

Percocet

Answer 57

oxycodone + acetaminophen

Question 58

Percodan

Answer 58

oxycodone + acetylsalicylic acid

Question 59

Tylenol #__

Answer 59

codeine + acetaminophen