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Ocular Pharmacology > Midterm 2 Drugs to Know > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Drugs to Know Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Optivar (azelastine)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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2
Q

Elestat (epinastine)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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3
Q

Bepreve (bepotastine)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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4
Q

Patanol (olopatadine 0.1%)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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5
Q

Pataday (olopatadine 0.2%)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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6
Q

Pazeo (olopatadine 0.7%)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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7
Q

Lastacaft (alcaftadine)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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8
Q

Alaway, Zaditor (ketotifen fumarate)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine

antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors

mast cell stabilizer: prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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9
Q

Alocril (nedocromil)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer

prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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10
Q

Alomide (lodoxamide)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer

prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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11
Q

Crolom (cromolyn sodium)

A

topical mast cell stabilizer

prevents mast cell degranulation; prevents further release of histamine and newly formed inflammatory mediators

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12
Q

Acular LS (ketorolac 0.4%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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13
Q

Acuvail (ketorolac 0.45%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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14
Q

Acular (ketorolac 0.5%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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15
Q

Nevanac (nepafenac 0.3%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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16
Q

Ilevro (nepafenac 0.3%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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17
Q

Prolensa (bromfenac 0.07%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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18
Q

Bromsite (bromfenac 0.075%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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19
Q

Voltaren (diclofenac 0.1%)

A

topical NSAID

blocks the cyclooxygenase pathway; prevents inflammatory mediators from forming; increases the sensitivity threshold of nerve endings; helps alleviate itching

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20
Q

Alrex (loteprednol 0.2%)

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators

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21
Q

Lotemax (loteprednol 0.5%)

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators

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22
Q

FML (fluorometholone alcohol 0.1%)

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators

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23
Q

Flarex (fluorometholone acetate 0.1%)

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators

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24
Q

Pred Forte (prednisolone acetate 1%)

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators

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25
Veramyst
nasal corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators
26
Nasacort
nasal corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators
27
Flonase
nasal corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators
28
Medrol Dosepak
oral corticosteroid inhibits phospholipase A2 and stabilizes mast cells; prevents release of antihistamine; inhibits AA pathway which inhibits formation of inflammatory mediators
29
phenylephrine 0.12%
topical decongestant adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen
30
naphazoline
topical decongestant adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen
31
tetrahydrozoline (visine)
topical decongestant adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen
32
oxymetazoline
topical decongestant adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen
33
Naphcon-A (pheniramine maleate + naphazoline)
topical decongestant + antihistamine topical decongestant: adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
34
Cisine-A (pheniramine maleate + naphazoline)
topical decongestant + antihistamine topical decongestant: adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
35
Opcon-A (pheniramine maleate + naphazoline)
topical decongestant + antihistamine topical decongestant: adrenergic agonist; act on alpha adrenergic receptors in conj blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction; provides only symptomatic relief, no effect on immune response to allergen antihistamine: binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
36
Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
1st generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
37
Phenergan (promethazine)
1st generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
38
Tavist (clemastine)
1st generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
39
Chlor-trimeton (chlorpheniramine)
1st generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
40
Allegra (fexofenadine)
2nd generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
41
Claritin (loratadine)
2nd generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
42
Clarinex (desloratadine)
2nd generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
43
Zyrtec (cetirizine)
2nd generation oral antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
44
Emadine (emedastine)
topical antihistamine binds to and stabilizes inactive state of H1 receptors
45
glcyerin (Osmoglyn)
oral hyperosmotic increases blood serum osmolarity; pulls water from tissues into bloodstream; vitreal dehydration --> reduced ocular volume --> reduced IOP
46
mannitol
IV hyperosmotic increases blood serum osmolarity; pulls water from tissues into bloodstream; vitreal dehydration --> reduced ocular volume --> reduced IOP
47
sodium chloride (Muro 128)
topical hyperosmotic increases tonicity of tear film; water is drawn from the cornea to the more highly osmotic tear film
48
sodium fluorescein (NaFl)
highlights intercellular spaces between cells; minimal uptake into healthy cells; dessication and injured cells highlighted only; cornea > conj staining
49
rose bengal
stains dead/devitalized cells AND normal cells; conj > cornea staining
50
lissamine green
stains dead/devitalized cells only; conj > cornea staining
51
benzalkonium chloride
preservative; prevents contamination of bottle contents
52
artificial tears
restore/enhance/improve physiologic tear film and patient comfort
53
castor oil
lipid agent restores lipid layer; prevents evaporation of aqueous tear film
54
mineral oil
lipid agent restores lipid layer; prevents evaporation of aqueous tear film
55
glycerin/glycerol
lipid agent restores lipid layer; prevents evaporation of aqueous tear film
56
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
wetting agent rehydrates/restores aqueous layer of tear film
57
povidone (PVP)
wetting agent rehydrates/restores aqueous layer of tear film
58
propylene glycol (PG)
wetting agent rehydrates/restores aqueous layer of tear film
59
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
wetting agent rehydrates/restores aqueous layer of tear film
60
carboxymethylcellulose
viscosity builder increases thickness of drops
61
tea tree oil
lid hygiene product for demodex MOA unknown; believed to increase cell membrane permeability of mite
62
FreshKote
3 mechanisms: - high oncotic pressure - PVA and PVP ingredients = lubricants - amisol = proprietary phospholipid increases lipid layer of tear film
63
Restasis (cyclosporine A)
immunomodulator/immunosuppressive agent; inhibits activation/proliferation of T-cells, reducing IL-2
64
Xiidra (lifitegrast)
lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antagonist indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED); reduction in inflammatory products associated with DED
65
amniotic membranes
inherent properties: anti-VEGF, anti-inflammatory, pro-epithelialization, anti-scarring (anti-fibroblast), and reduction in pain
66
Polysporin
antibiotic bacitracin + polymyxin B bacitracin = cell wall inhibitor- peptidoglycan: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts polymyxin B = binds to cell membrane and alters its structure, making it more permeable
67
Neosporin
antibiotic bacitracin + polymyxin B + neomycin bacitracin = cell wall inhibitor- peptidoglycan: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts polymyxin B = binds to cell membrane and alters its structure, making it more permeable neomycin = aminoglycoside: protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
68
vancomycin
antibiotic cell wall inhibitor- peptidoglycan: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
69
Augmentin
antibiotic- aminopenicillin amoxicillin + clavulanic acid cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts clavulanic acid is a penicillinase inhibitor
70
Cefazolin
antibiotic- 1st generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
71
Keflex (cephalexin)
antibiotic- 1st generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
72
Ceclor (cefaclor)
antibiotic- 2nd generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
73
Omnicef (cefdinir)
antibiotic- 3rd generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
74
Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
antibiotic- 3rd generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
75
Fortaz (ceftazidime)
antibiotic- 3rd generation cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor- transpeptidase: blocks bacteria from building cell walls; without support from a cell wall, pressure inside the cell becomes too much and the membrane bursts
76
Gentak (gentamicin)
antibiotic- aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
77
Tobrex (tobramycin)
antibiotic- aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
78
Neomycin
antibiotic- aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
79
Amikacin
antibiotic- aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
80
Doxycycline
antibiotic- tetracycline protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
81
Minocycline
antibiotic- tetracycline protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
82
Tetracycline
antibiotic- tetracycline protein synthesis inhibitor- 30s subunit
83
Erythromycin
antibiotic- macrolide protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
84
Azithromycin
antibiotic- macrolide protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
85
AzaSite (azithromycin)
antibiotic- macrolide protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
86
Clarithromycin
antibiotic- macrolide protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
87
Clindamycin
antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
88
Linezolid
antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor- 50s subunit
89
Ciloxan (ciprofloxacin)
antibiotic- 2nd generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase
90
Ocuflox (ofloxacin)
antibiotic- 2nd generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase
91
Quixin (levofloxacin)
antibiotic- 3rd generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
92
Zymaxid (gatifloxacin)
antibiotic- 4th generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
93
Vigamox and Moxeza (moxifloxacin)
antibiotic- 4th generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
94
Besivance (besifloxacin)
antibiotic- 4th generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
95
Levaquin (levofloxacin)
antibiotic- 3rd generation fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
96
Bactrim and Septra
antibiotic sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim trimethoprim= DNA synthesis inhibitor- folic acid
97
Polytrim
antibiotic polymyxin B + trimethoprim polymyxin B = binds to cell membrane and alters its structure, making it more permeable trimethoprim= DNA synthesis inhibitor- folic acid
98
Maxitrol
antibiotic/corticosteroid combination neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone allows treatment of both infection and inflammation with one single medication
99
Tobradex
antibiotic/corticosteroid combination tobramycin/dexamethasone allows treatment of both infection and inflammation with one single medication
100
Zylet
antibiotic/corticosteroid combination tobramycin/loteprednol allows treatment of both infection and inflammation with one single medication
101
Viroptic (trifluridine)
topical antiviral phosphorylated to active compound by HSV thymidine kinase; incorporated into viral nucleic acid; blocks viral and host cell DNA synthesis
102
Zirgan (ganciclovir)
topical antiviral phosphorylated to active compound by HSV thymidine kinase; incorporated into viral nucleic acid; blocks viral DNA synthesis
103
Zovirax (acyclovir)
systemic antiviral phosphorylated to active compound by HSV thymidine kinase; incorporated into viral nucleic acid; blocks viral DNA synthesis
104
Valtrex (valacyclovir)
systemic antiviral phosphorylated to active compound by HSV thymidine kinase; incorporated into viral nucleic acid; blocks viral DNA synthesis
105
Famvir (famciclovir)
systemic antiviral phosphorylated to active compound by HSV thymidine kinase; incorporated into viral nucleic acid; blocks viral DNA synthesis
106
Betadine (povidone-iodine)
in-office viral treatment MOA unknown; reduces viral load
107
Natamycin (Natacyn)
anti-fungal increases cell membrane permeability; fungicidal
108
Amphoteracin B
anti-fungal increases cell membrane permeability; fungicidal
109
Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB, Baquacil)
anti-protozoan

Ocular Pharmacology (4 decks)

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