Midterm 1: People of the america and rise of Agriculture

Question 1

What are the 4 theories of peopling the new world?

Answer 1

Clovis, Pre clovis, Silurian Hypothesis , Early Arrival

Question 2

Route of Clovis First

Answer 2

From Asia across Beringia through ice free corridor

Question 3

What time period was Clovis First

Answer 3

Pleistocene, 12,000ya

Question 4

Blackwater Draw, NM

Answer 4

Clovis First

1st Discovery of clovis points with megafauna remains 13,000ya

Question 5

Gault , Texas

Answer 5

Clovis First

incised limestone slab, unclear

Question 6

Problems with Clovis First

Answer 6

Should find fluted points earlier in Alaska but don’t

Also timing of the ice free corridor too late

Question 7

When was pre clovis

Answer 7

13,500 +

Question 8

Route of pre clovis

Answer 8

From asia via coastal migration

Question 9

Monte Verde, Chile

Answer 9

Pre clovis
15,000 ya
Settlement with wood and hide tents
organic remains, not clovis, seeds=foraging,coastal resources

Question 10

What are the problems with pre clovis

Answer 10

Meadowcroft: contaminated dates

Coastal migration route: no coastal sites

Question 11

what time frame was Solutrean Hypothesis

Answer 11

15,000-13,000 ya

Question 12

Route for Solutrean hypothesis

Answer 12

European origins

Atlantic “ice edge route

Question 13

Evidence of Solutrean Hyothesis

Answer 13

fluted points similar to European Solutrean

Meadowcroft Rockshelter “Miller Point”

Question 14

Problem with Solutrean Hypothesis

Answer 14

Clovis is 5,000 years later than Solutrean
Dangerous passage require maritime skill
No channel

Question 15

Time frame for Early Arrival

Answer 15

30,000 +

Question 16

Route for Early Arrival

Answer 16

from asia via coastal route

Question 17

Yana River, Siberia

Answer 17

Early Arival
30,000
evidence near Beringa
Megafauna bones and flake tools

Question 18

Pedra Furada, Brazil

Answer 18

Early arrival
48,000-35,000
Burnt earth
simple tools

Question 19

Genetic evidence for peopling of the America

Answer 19

5 clades of native people traced to Siberia

mtDNA traces to Siberia & Mongolia

Question 20

Combined evidence of genetic and linguistic data

Answer 20

Siberian/Asian origin
single migration with group branching
Pre Clovis - 15,000 or earlier
coastal route
mixed hunters and foragers

Question 21

Where did the rise of agriculture happen

Answer 21

middle east

Question 22

When did the rise of agriculture

Answer 22

Neolithic revolution

Question 23

Transition to farming impacts

Answer 23

Diet- food groups
Health and disease
physical activity

Question 24

Triggers of domestication

Answer 24

Climate change

population growth - feedback loop

Question 25

The middle east is known as

Answer 25

the fertile crescent

Question 26

Kebaran Period years and characteristics

Answer 26

25,000-15,000 ya No domestication short stay camps and hunter gathers

Question 27

Ohalo, Israel

Answer 27

Seasonal camp 20,000 ya Flotation shows wild wheat huts and hearths Kebaran

Question 28

What are the periods of domestication of the middle east

Answer 28

Kebaran, Natufan, Early Neolithic, Late Neolithic

Question 29

Years for Natufan and characteristics

Answer 29

15,000-12,000ya 1st Architecture People settle and form groups before inventing agriculture dog domestication

Question 30

Natufan technological innovations

Answer 30

Lunates: composite and sickles | Grinding stones

Question 31

Hilazon Tachtit, Israel

Answer 31

REligion cave burial disabled elderly, shaman human foot Natufan

Question 32

Gobekli Tepe, Turkey

Answer 32

``` Natufan 11,600 ya No habitation Religious pilgramege Limestone pillar rings ```

Question 33

Years for Early Neolithic

Answer 33

12,000 - 8,500 ya

Question 34

Impact of younger dryas on early Neolithic

Answer 34

little ice age single human generation cultural development impact habitable areas reduced

Question 35

PPNA

Answer 35

``` Pre pottery Neolithic A During younger dryas 12,000-11,000 ya communal buildings large villages no domestication ```

Question 36

PPNB

Answer 36

``` Pre pottery Neolithic B After younger dryas 11,000 - 8,500ya Domestication of animals and plants crowded organized settlements ```

Question 37

types of tools in the PPNA

Answer 37

Blades and arrowheads

Question 38

Jerf el Ahmar, Syria

Answer 38

PPNA | communal architecture and no domestication

Question 39

Late Neolithic years and characteristics

Answer 39

8,500 - 7,000 | Villages collapse

Question 40

Domestication in Central Amercia

Answer 40

Archaic period | Late Archaic

Question 41

Characteristics and years for Archaic

Answer 41

9,000-4,000ya plestocene resources vanish Holocene warming

Question 42

Tehuacan Valley,

Answer 42

cave in mexico Archaic change in corn from wild to domesticated

Question 43

years for Late Archaic

Answer 43

4,000-1,000ya

Question 44

Cerro juanquena north mexico

Answer 44

500 lines terraces | storage pits

Question 45

Paleoindian period

Answer 45

14,000-9,000 ya | big game hunters