Midterm 1- Textbook Q-Cards Flashcards
(120 cards)
Amnesia
Individual has lost the ability to remember certain materials because of brain damage
Introspection
To observe and record the content of our own mental lives and the sequence of our own experiences (“looking within”)
Kant’s Transcendental Model
You begin with the observable facts and then work backward from these observations
Physicists observe the clues that electrons leave behind and from this information, form hypotheses about what electrons must be like in order to have produced those effects
Edward Tolman
Researcher who can be counter as a behaviorist and as one of the forerunners of cognitive psychology
Argued that learning involved something more than abstract
B.F Skinner
American behaviorist who applied his style of analysis to humans ability to learn and use language
Arguing that language could be understood in terms of behaviors and rewards
Noam Chomsky
Linguist who published a rebuttal to Skinner’s proposal and convinced many psychologists that an entirely different approach was needed for explaining language learning and language use, perhaps for other achievements as well
Frederic Barlett
Emphasized the ways in which each of us shapes and organizes our experience
Claimed that people spontaneously fit their experiences into a mental framework or schema and rely on this schema both to interpret the experience as it happens and to aid memory later on
Response Time
How long someone needs to make a particular response
By examining the response time, we can often gain important insight into what is going on in the mind
Cognitive Neuroscience
The effort toward understanding human’s mental functioning through close study of the brain and nervous system
Clinical Neuropsychology
The study of brain function that uses, as it is main data source, cases in which damage or illness has distrupted the working of some brain structure
Neuroimaging Techniques
Enable us to scrutinize the precise structure of the brain and with other methods, track the moment by moment pattern of activation within someone’s brain
Capgras Syndrome
The irrational belief that a familiar person or place has been replaced with an exact duplicate
Amygdala
Helps an organism detect stimuli associated with threat or danger, positive stimuli as well as processes emotions (“emotional evaluator”)
Human Brain’s 3 Main Structures
The Hindbrain
The Midbrain
The Forebrain
The Hindbrain
Located at the very top of the spinal cord (lower back part of brain) and includes structures for controlling key life functions
(regulation of heartbeat and breathing, balance and alertness)
Cerebellum
Largest area of the hindbrain
Main role was in coordination of bodily movements and balance
The Midbrain
Topmost part of the brainstem (between the brain and spinal cord)
Plays an important part of coordinating movements (eyes), relaying auditory info from the ears to the areas in the forebrain (where this info is processed) and helps regulate the experience of pain
The Forebrain
The lower section of the brain involved in many vital functions such as heart rate , respiration and balance
Cortex
Thin covering on the outer surface of the forebrain
Makes up 80% of the human brain
Crumbled up and jammed into limited space in the skull (giving it a wrinkled apperance
Longitudinal Fissure
Separates the left cerebral hemisphere from the right (running from the front of the brain to the back)
The wrinkles are deep grooves that divide the brain into different sections
Frontal Lobes
Form the front part of the brain, right behind the forehead
Central Fissure
Divides the frontal lobes on each side of the brain from the parietal lobes
Parietal Lobes
Brain’s topmost part
Temporal Lobes
Sits behind the ears
