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NRSG 126 > Midterm #1 Weeks 1-4 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Weeks 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three life stage groups of older people

A

-young old 65-74
-middle old 75-84
-old old 85+

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2
Q

What is primary aging

A

aging well and having normal symptoms of aging

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3
Q

What is secondary aging

A

When you get a disease that old people get but it is not part of the normal aging process and the PT may be acutely sick

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4
Q

What are the main two reasons that there is an aging population

A

Increased life expectancy
baby boomers were a large generation

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5
Q

What is the first and second leading cause of death

A

First is cancer second is heart disease

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6
Q

What are three characteristics of a chronic disease

A

non communicable
persistent and slow in progression
cannot be cured

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection

A

-Incubation
-Prodromal
-illness
-convalescence

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8
Q

What is happening in the incubation period of infection and are there symptoms

A

Pathogens are entering the body and there are no symptoms yet

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9
Q

What is happening in the Prodromal period of infection and are there symptoms

A

mild or non specific signs and symptoms are present transmission may occur

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10
Q

What is happening in the illness period of infection and are there symptoms

A

specific signs and symptoms are present

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11
Q

What is happening in the convalescence period of infection and are there symptoms

A

acute symptoms disappear and the body returns to homeostasis how long this period lasts will depend on the severity of the disease

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12
Q

What are the typical signs of local infection

A

heat
redness
swelling
pain
immobility

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13
Q

what is an endogenies infection

A

when you become infected with your own bacteria ie when your bowel perforates and bacteria gets somewhere its not supposed to be

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14
Q

Exogenous

A

When a pathogen enters the PT body from the environment ie infection from not properly cleaned equipment

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15
Q

What is THA

A

Total Hip Arthroplasty which is a a total hip replacement

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16
Q

What are the 6 steps in the chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. mode of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. Host
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17
Q

What is pathogenicity

A

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease

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18
Q

What is virulence

A

the ability to produce a disease

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19
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

when a cell engulfs and destroys a microorganism

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20
Q

What are all the stages of the nursing process

A

Remember ADPIE
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

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21
Q

What is implicit bias

A

Unconscious bias you have against an individual or group not something your aware of

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22
Q

What is explicit bias

A

Are biases and feelings that people project outwards intentionally

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23
Q

What are the 4 R’s

A

Realization
Recognize
Response
Resisting

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the four R’s

A

It provides clients with a safe space that takes down barriers and reduces stigma and prevents more harm and triggering

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25
Q

What are the 5 levels of communication

A

Intrapersonal
interpersonal
transpersonal
small group
public

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26
Q

What is transpersonal communication

A

When a patient communicates what is meaningful and significant to them gives the nurse an idea of the PT experiences and hopes

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27
Q

Should you use Denotative or connotative meaning when talking to a patient

A

try to use denotative when talking to a patient since it makes it very clear what you are trying to say

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28
Q

What are some strategies for active listening

A

SOLER
Sit facing the patient
Open Posture
Lean forward
Eye contact
Relax

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29
Q

What does it mean when a patient is CAM+

A

Means that the PT does have delirium

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30
Q

what are the most common forms of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s
Vascular
Lewy Body

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31
Q

What are the 3 risk factors for Alzheimer’s

A

Age
genetics
general health

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32
Q

What is TIA

A

Transient Ischemic attack
Temporary block of blood flow to the brain that usually dislodges itself and while the damage is not permanent it is a warning sign of stroke

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33
Q

What are 3 risk factors for lewy body dementia

A

Age
Being a man
family history of LBD or Parkinson’s

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34
Q

What is a clinical definition for depression

A

Mood disorder that comes with feelings of sadness and despair that lasts 2 or more weeks

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35
Q

What is the duration of delirium

A

Hours to weeks

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36
Q

What is the definition of a medical diagnoses

A

the identification of a disease or condition on the basis of specific evaluation of signs and symptoms

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37
Q

What phase of the nursing process would you gather information about the client and document your findings

A

Assessment phase

38
Q

Who is a primary data source

A

Client and only the client

39
Q

Who is a secondary data source

A

Family, physician, another member of the health care team (PT/OT) clients charts

40
Q

What is a tertiary data source

A

Text books literature that is not specific to the client

41
Q

What phase of the nursing process would you analyze data collected identify health problems and identify client needs

A

Diagnosis phase

42
Q

what is the definition of a nursing diagnoses

A

A clinical judgment about a human response to an actual or potential health problem
ie: ineffective airway clearance

43
Q

Which part of the nursing process would involve setting goals, outcomes and selecting nursing interventions that would directly impact client care

A

Planning phase

44
Q

Which phase of the nursing process would involve carrying out or delegating nursing interventions

A

Implementation
Think how will these goals be met?
what are the actual interventions a nurse or the health care team can carry out?

45
Q

What phase of the nursing process would involve comparing patient response to preselected outcomes to determine weather goals have been met

A

Evaluation phase

46
Q

is pain subjective or objective

A

Subjective always even if its a pain scale its still subjective data

47
Q

What is the Transduction phase of pain reception

A

generation of an action potential caused from the release of damaged cells

48
Q

what is the transmission phase of pain reception

A

When the pain signal moves from the PNS to the CNS

49
Q

What is the perception phase of pain reception

A

when you become conscious and aware of the pain and interpret it

50
Q

What is the modulation phase of pain reception

A

Increase decrease in pain signal and intensity that can occur before and after pain is perceived

51
Q

What are the four process of pain reception

A

Transduction
transmission
perception
modulation

52
Q

what is a synarthrotic joint

A

bone on bone

53
Q

What is the definition of chronic pain

A

pain that lasts over 6 months but does not have to be constant

54
Q

what are the two different types of pain

A

Nociceptive
Neuropathic

55
Q

What are the two types of nociceptive pain

A

Somatic
visceral

56
Q

What is somatic pain and how might it be described by a PT

A

Pain of bones joints connective tissue and muscles will be localized described as throbbing and get worse with movement

57
Q

What is visceral pain and how might is be described by a patient

A

-Pain of the internal organs
-tends to be diffuse (not localized)
-Not easy to describe but may feel like a crushing pain
-pain can radiate

58
Q

What is neuropathic pain and how might it be described by a patient

A

-Injury to a nerve or abnormal processing of info by the PNS or CNS
-not localized
-may be described as burning shooting electrical or prickling

59
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation or swelling of the bone

60
Q

Which gender is more likely to get osteoarthritis

A

Female

61
Q

if a patient had arthritis pain in their knee and it ached in the morning but got better throughout the day is it more likely to be OA or RA

A

Osteoarthritis gets better throughout the day rheumatoid arthritis does not

62
Q

what does OPQRSTUV stand for

A

Onset
Palliating/provocation
Quality
Region
Severity
Timing
Understanding: patients understanding of the pain and it’s imp[acts on ADL
Values

63
Q

What does NSAID stand for

A

Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug

64
Q

What are to over the counter examples of NSAID

A

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Ibuprofen (Advil)

65
Q

What is another name for co analgesic

A

Adjuvant drug

66
Q

What is the definition of a co analgesic

A

A drug that itself doesn’t have analgesic effects but can enhance analgesics and may treat pain secondarily

67
Q

what are the three stages of the inflammatory response

A

vascular and cellular response
formation of inflammatory products
tissue repair

68
Q

what are 4 common sites of HAI

A

surgical and traumatic wounds
Urinary tract
Respiratory tract
Bloodstream

69
Q

how is C. diff transmitted

A

Contact

70
Q

How is influenza transmitted

A

by droplet

71
Q

What are three possible outcomes when nurses communicate ineffectively

A

poor patient outcomes
Decrease professional credibility
increase occurrence of adverse conditions

72
Q

what are the basic elements of the communication process

A

Referent: the thing that triggered communication
Sender and receiver
Message
Channels: means of conveying and receiving messages through the senses
Feedback
interpersonal variables
Environment

73
Q

What factors influence communication

A

Physiological factors
Relational context
Situational factors
Environmental context
Cultural context
Developmental factors

74
Q

what are some less obvious therapeutic communication techniques

A

Sharing feelings (as long as the feelings are in control and it benefits the patient not burdens them)
Using silence (Sometimes is necessary)
Confrontation

75
Q

What are non therapeutic techniques

A

Sympathy (just feeling sorry for someone where as empathy is understanding someones feelings)
Asking for explanations (avoid “why questions”)
approval or disapproval

76
Q

What are the 6 principles of TIP

A

Safety
Trust and transparency
Peer support
Collaboration and mutuality
Empowerment voice and choice
the importance of cultural historical and gender issues

77
Q

What is NANDA

A

Approved Nursing diagnoses

78
Q

What happens in the diagnosis phase of the nursing process

A

Nurse analyzes the assessment data to make a diagnosis and then identify outcomes and major problems or needs

79
Q

planning phase of nursing process

A

creation of a formal plan with goals and strategies to obtain the expected outcome

80
Q

What is a risk diagnoses

A

a diagnoses based on how likely an individual or group is to develop a negative health condition

81
Q

what is a health promotion diagnosis

A

Clinical judgment on how motivated a pt is to improve their health

82
Q

Wellness diagnosis

A

a diagnosis used when pt wishes to achieve optimal level of health

83
Q

What are the 5 sources of diagnostic error

A

Error in data collection
Errors in interpretation and analysis of data
errors in data clustering
errors in diagnostic statement
errors in documentation

84
Q

How does a nursing diagnosis help with the care plan

A

identifies the nursing care that the client needs and the diagnosis is the base of what you put in the care plan

85
Q

Is tylenol a NSAID

A

NO tylenol (acetaminophen) is not an anti-inflammatory it is mostly for fever and headaches

86
Q

What is a complementary approach to health

A

utilizing health interventions that contribute to conventional medical treatments ie you use acupuncture after you break your arm to relieve painq

87
Q

What is an alternative approach to health

A

you don’t use conventional methods at all and just utilize alternative approaches

88
Q

what are the five functions of the skeletal system

A

Support
protection
Movement
Mineral storage
hematopoiesis

89
Q

what are synergistic muscles

A

two or more muscles that contract to achieve the same movement

90
Q

What are the 4 components of mobility

A

ROM
Gait
Exercise and activity
activity tolerance

91
Q

A nurse identifies a client’s response to actual or potential health issues would be part of which phase of the nursing process

A

diagnoses

92
Q

What would be better for osteoarthritis pain acetaminophen or ibuprofen

A

Ibuprofen because it is an anti inflammatory and acetaminophen is not

NRSG 126 (11 decks)

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