Week #10 Neuro

Question 1

What part of the brain regulates breathing heart rate and temp

Answer 1

The medulla oblongata

Question 2

What’s the definition of intracranial pressure

Answer 2

pressure inside the intra cranial vault (skull)

Question 3

what 3 volumes is intracranial pressure dependant on

Answer 3

Volume of the brain
Volume of the CSF
Volume of blood

Question 4

where is CSF located

Answer 4

in the subarachnoid space

Question 5

what are the three meninges starting with the most superficial layer

Answer 5

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 6

what are the three spaces of the meninges

Answer 6

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

Question 6

what are the three spaces of the meninges

Answer 6

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

Question 7

What is the leading cause of blindness in the ageing population

Answer 7

Macular degeneration

Question 8

what hearing disorder is most common in the older adult

Answer 8

presbycusis

Question 9

What is presbycusis

Answer 9

Age related hearing loss

Question 10

what is meniere’s disease

Answer 10

an inner ear problem that causes dizzy spells and hearing loss

Question 11

what causes the greatest increase to the risk of falls

Answer 11

hearing and vision loss

Question 12

what is the leading cause of vision loss for people under 50

Answer 12

diabetic retinopathy

Question 13

which vision problem is this
Leading cause of vision loss, affects >50yrs
Incurable
Loss of central vision

Answer 13

Macular degeneration

Question 14

Which vision problem is this
Everyone will develop it with age, gradually and without pain
Blurs all vision

Answer 14

Cataract

Question 15

Which vision problem is this
Leading cause of vision loss <50yrs
Uncontrolled diabetes
Severe vision loss/blindness

Answer 15

diabetic retinopathy

Question 16

which vision problem is this
Second most common cause of vision loss >65
Visual field loss, decreased acuity, halo, or blindness

Answer 16

glaucoma

Question 17

Inefficient sound waves outer to inner ear
Ear canal blockage- cold, allergy, infection
What type of hearing problem is this

Answer 17

Conductive hearing loss

Question 18

Auditory center damage (pathway to medulla)
Central cortex pathway damage
possible causes could be TBI, tumor, heredity
what type of hearing problem is this

Answer 18

Central auditory disorder

Question 19

Eardrum and middle ear damage
could be caused by Infection
Can lead to permanent hearing loss
what type of hearing problem is this

Answer 19

otitis media

Question 20

Hereditary
Ossicle hardening
Causes tinnitus
What type of hearing problem is this

Answer 20

otosclerosis

Question 21

Cochlea or nerve damage
Causes- excess noise, meds, virus
what hearing problem is this

Answer 21

sensorineural

Question 22

Wax build-up that can harden
Common in elderly
what hearing problem is this

Answer 22

Cerumen accumulation

Question 23

Low-pitched sounds are heard better
Muffles hearing
also known as age related hearing loss
what hearing problem is this

Answer 23

presbycusis

Question 24

Inner ear disease Fluid in the ears Can cause tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo. what hearing problem is this

Answer 24

Meniere's disease

Question 25

decreases saliva- thicker mucus, dry mouth. could be caused by medications, cancer and ageing. which increases risk of food aversions decreasing calorie intake what is this called

Answer 25

Xerostomia

Question 26

older persons have (Decreased/increased) sensitivity to severe pain but loss of (somatic/cardiac/nerve) cells and (perjunke/skin/conduction) fibers decrease pain sensation (increasing/decreasing) threshold. Fill in the blanks

Answer 26

In order Increased, Nerve, conduction, increasing

Question 27

what is kinesthetic sense

Answer 27

the ability to sense and be aware of movement

Question 28

what is the sense of proprioception

Answer 28

the ability to sense and be aware of body movement

Question 29

what is the sense of stereognosis

Answer 29

the ability to recognize object texture and size

Question 30

what is presbyopia

Answer 30

difficulty seeing due to lens stiffening

Question 31

What does CVA stand for and what is another name for it

Answer 31

Cerebral Vascular Accident also known as a stroke

Question 32

what is one of the main causes of CVA's

Answer 32

Hypertension

Question 33

what are 7 risk factors for CVA (Hint think about all the standard ones)

Answer 33

Atherosclerosis Hypertension Smoking being older than 65 diabetes Obesity Atrial Fibrillation

Question 34

what is a transient ischemic attack

Answer 34

ischemic stroke that lasts several minutes with no permanent damage

Question 35

what percentage of people who have a TIA will have a stroke later on (hint in a fraction)

Answer 35

1/3

Question 36

whats another name for a TIA

Answer 36

min stroke

Question 37

What does VAN + mean

Answer 37

means you have a large vessel occlusion

Question 38

What does VAN + mean

Answer 38

means you have a large vessel occlusion

Question 39

what is the more common type of stroke ischemic or hemorrhagic

Answer 39

ischemic

Question 40

what are the two types of ischemic strokes

Answer 40

thrombotic and embolic

Question 41

what is a thrombotic stroke

Answer 41

when a blood clot/thrombus blocks an artery or vein that supplies blood to the brain

Question 42

what is an embolic stroke

Answer 42

when an embolus forms somewhere else in the body and then breaks off and travels to the brian and blocks blood supply

Question 43

what is more common an embolic or thrombotic stroke

Answer 43

thrombotic

Question 44

what is a very common cause of embolic stroke

Answer 44

Atrial fibrillation

Question 45

what are two treatments for an ischemic stroke

Answer 45

Tissue plasminogen activator medication Endovascular treatment where they go in and remove the clot

Question 46

what are two medications that prevent blood clot from happening

Answer 46

antiplatlets anticoagulants

Question 47

do anticoagulants and antiplatelets thin the blood?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

where are the two places within the brain that a hemorrhagic stroke can take place

Answer 48

subarachnoid and intracerebral

Question 49

what is a intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 49

when the bleeding is going into the brain tissue

Question 50

what is a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 50

when the PT is bleeding into the subarachnoid space

Question 51

What is an AVM and what does it stand for

Answer 51

Arteriovenous malformation and it is when the blood vessels in the brain don't form properly

Question 52

what are two of the most common causes of a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 52

AVM and aneurysm

Question 53

what is the #1 sign of increased intracranial pressure

Answer 53

altered LOC

Question 54

What is a very common symptom of intracranial pressure

Answer 54

headache

Question 55

what is a brain herniation

Answer 55

when something inside the skill creates pressure and moves the brain tissue

Question 56

how could you assess the severity of a stroke

Answer 56

using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale

Question 57

would this be a right side CVA or left side CVA Spacial and perceptual deficits visual deficits impaired judgment and impulsiveness confusion and memory loss

Answer 57

Right sided CVA

Question 58

would this be a right sided CVA or left sided CVA cautious/compulsive behaviour apraxia (loss of ability to carry out skilled movement) slurring words impaired comprehension

Answer 58

Left sided CVA

Question 59

what is broca's aphasia

Answer 59

expressive aphasia so a person won't be able to express what they want to say

Question 60

what is wernicke's aphasia

Answer 60

receptive aphasia so a person would have trouble receiving the information and understanding it

Question 61

what phase of the nursing process would this be Analyze Identify good and bad Formulate nursing diagnosis identify what the client needs

Answer 61

Diagnosis phase

Question 62

what phase of the nursing process would this be Prioritize Formulate goals and expected outcomes Select nursing interventions Write care plan

Answer 62

planning phase

Question 63

what phase of the nursing process would this be Begin interventions Supervise, delegate, communicate with team Determine nursing assistance needed Reassessing….always

Answer 63

implementation phase

Question 64

what phase of the nursing process would this be Collect data and compare Connect nursing interventions Draw conclusions Continue, modify or terminate

Answer 64

Evaluation phase

Question 65

What is an early warning sign of infection in the older adult? A) Purulent drainage B) Delirium C) Temperature of 38.2 D) Increased pain

Answer 65

D

Question 66

where is the respiratory center in the body

Answer 66

brain stem

Question 67

During the first 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke, the primary goal is to control the client’s: A) Pulse B) Respirations C) Blood Pressure  D) Temperature

Answer 67

C

Question 68

A client arrives in the emergency department with an ischemic stroke and receives tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration. Which is the priority nursing assessment? A) Time of onset of current stroke. B) Complete physical and history. C) Current medications D) Upcoming surgical procedures

Answer 68

A

Question 69

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Broca aphasia due to a stroke. Which of the following deficits would be attributed to Broca aphasia? A) Client coughs and gasps after swallowing food B) Client is frustrated while trying to speak  C) Client is unable to understand speech and is non-verbal D) Client misunderstands and inappropriately responds

Answer 69

B

Question 70

what risk factor would make a PT most likely to have a stroke

Answer 70

uncontrolled hypertension