Midterm Flashcards
Classification
The grouping of species
Taxonomy
ii. Theory and practice of classifying
Systematics
Sciences of the diversity of organisms. The science dedicated to the discovery, organization and interpretation of diversity
Determination
Identification
Nomenclature
Application of names to species and higher taxa following the rules of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Phylogenetics
Study of the genealogical relationships
Molecular Systematics
Systematics that is based on some set of molecular data
Integrative Systematics
Systematics that incorporates available data from all sources
g. Beta taxonomy
Aspect of taxonomy concerning the arrangement of species in a system.
Scala Naturae
the crudest starting point for classification. It was a line
Downward classification
logical division, dichotomies
Upward classification
Assemble similar groups working from bottom and going up
Polyphyletic theory
multiple different events that produced arthropods and we just group these things together.
Monophyletic theory
there was one single path to arthropodization
Onychophora Synapomorphies
- oral papillae -slime glands
- peribuccula lobes (mouthparts)
- tracheal morphology
- extensively cross-linked nerve strands extending along the underside of body segments
Tartigrada Synapomorphies
- nerve commissure from the protocerebrum to the first trunk ganglion
- telescopic mouth and legs
- mitochondrial gene trnI located between genes trnL1 and trnL2
Ecdysis
the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa. Similarity to arthropoda in tardigrada
General characteristics of Arthropoda
- Body segmented
- Tagmosis
- Open circulatory system - hemocoel
- Complete gut
- nervous system
- ecdysis (molting)
- Muscles in segmental bands
Arthropoda Synapomorphies
- lateral compound eyes
- cuticle forms exoskeleton
- jointed appendages
- specialization of gut
Trilobita tagmata
- Cephalon
- Thorax
- Pygidium
Trilobita appendages
- exite lobes
2. endite lobes
Crustacea tagmata
- Cephalothorax
2. Abdomen
Chelicerata Tagmata
- Prosoma (cephalothorax)
2. Opithosoma (abdomen)
Chelicerata appendages
6 pairs
- Pair chelicerae
- Pair pedipalps
- 3 pairs are legs