Midterm Flashcards
(138 cards)
Health Teaching
- Focused form of instructional dialogue used in client-centred relationships
- The purpose is to provide clients and families with the knowledge and life skills needed to make good decisions, slow or prevent disease progression and mortality, and promote the highest possible quality of life
- The goal is to help clients assume as much responsibility as possible with personal self management of their health
goals of patient education
- Maintaining, restoring and promoting health
- preventing illness
- Optimizing quality of life with impaired functioning
domains of learning
cognitive
affective
psychomotor
basic learning principles
motivation to learn
- addresses the patients desire or willingness to learn
ability to learn
- depends on physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, thought processes
learning environment
- allows a person to attend to instruction
motivation to learn
- social motives: motivation to engage with others
- task mastery motives: “I want to learn how ___”
- physical motives: “I want to improve/maintain my health”
Teaching Process: Assessment
Nurses need to assess all factors that influence content, ability to learn, and resources available.
- Learning needs
- Ability to learn
- Motivation to learn
- Teaching environment
- Resources for learning
Teaching Process: Nursing Diagnosis
Examples:
- Ineffective health maintenance
- Health-seeking behaviours
- Impaired home maintenance
- Deficient knowledge
- Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
- Ineffective community therapeutic regimen management
- Ineffective family therapeutic regimen management
Teaching Process: Planning
Determine goals and expected outcomes that guide the choice of teaching strategies and approaches with a patient.
- Developing learning objectives
- Setting priorities
- Timing
- Organizing teaching material
- Maintaining attention and promoting participation
- Building on existing knowledge
- Selecting teaching methods and resources
- Writing teaching plans
Teaching Process: Implementation
- Maintain learning, attention and participation
- Select teaching approach.
- Incorporate teaching with nursing care.
- Implementing teaching methods
- Recognize cultural diversity.
- Use different teaching tools.
Teaching Process: Evaluation
- Necessary to determine whether the patient has learned the material
- Helps to reinforce correct behaviour and change an incorrect behaviour
- Success depends on the patient’s performance of expected outcomes
- Measurement methods (can they demonstrate the skill, can they repeat back in their own words what they understood)
- Patient expectations
- Documentation
what is health
- Historically, being healthy was an objective concept that meant stability and balance, the absence of disease and symptoms
- World Health Organization has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
- “A structural, functional and emotional state that is compatible with effective life as an individual and as a member of family and community groups”
what is wellness
The WHO’s new definition of wellness is the optimal state of health of individuals and groups
Two focal concerns:
- The realization of the fullest potential of an individual
- The fulfillment of one’s role expectations
- Subjective
what is disease
The physiological deviation from normal, which is objective or measurable
“Implies a focus on pathological processes that may or may not produce symptoms and that result in a patient’s illness”
what is illness
The experience of living with a disease
It is subjective, depending on the personal experience of associated symptoms, suffering, or distress
Parsons Sick Role Theory
- A set of behavioural expectations about how a sick person is supposed to behave is built into our social system
- The sick role has two major rights and two major duties
- two major rights
1) The sick person is typically exempt from responsibility for the illness condition
2) The sick person is temporarily exempt from performing normal social role behaviours - two major duties
1) The sick person has the duty to try to get well and resume normal social roles as quickly as possible
2) The sick person has the duty of actively seeking technically competent help
criticisms of parsons sick role theory
- Focuses on acute illness rather than chronic illness
- Limited to selected physical conditions, ignoring psychosocial conditions
- Medico-centric with a professional bias against lay, self-care behaviour
- Decontextualized, failing to consider the influence of aspects of social location such as culture, class, and gender
3 fundamental ideas of wellness
- Wellness domains are interrelated
- Wellness seems to ebb and flow within and among domains
- Patient not nurse is responsible for making wellness choices
wellness domains
- emotional
- intellectual
- occupational
- physical
- sexual
- spiritual
- environmental
- social
Special populations considerations: Disability
Medical model
- Health care provider is considered powerful and the client is a victim, unable to function normally, at a psychological loss without the health care provider
Disability model
- Views the client as a result of a tragedy to be adjusted to and overcome, oppressed because of inability
Social model
- Focuses on the limits that have been placed on the client based on the space (environment, space) where the client interacts
Special population considerations: gender and sexuality
- Substance and alcohol abuse more prevalent among LGBTQ individuals
- Gay, lesbian, or bisexual people can experience 2-3 times greater chances of anxiety and mood disorders
- LGBTQ population have challenges to access of health care: discrimination, lack of knowledge, ignorance, assumptions during assessment, culturally unsafe behaviours, inequitable access
- Increased stress and mental health issues due to lack of respect, stigma, substance abuse, lack of parental/family support
Special population considerations: Indigenous People
- Indigenous perspectives often compared with Western approaches
- Appropriate nursing care of Indigenous peoples are strengths based, focused on relationships and integrating culture
- Nursing care is based on holism: the balance of physical, spiritual, emotional and mental balance
population health
- Improving the social determinants of health from the perspective of a nation
- Varied distribution of resources and socioeconomic status which results in health inequities
- Living in poverty increases incidences of poor health, chronic disease
- Healthcare system only one way to keep population healthy
- Other determinants of health play a much bigger part in population health
health inequities
Avoidable, unjust, and unfair systematic differences in health status within the population. Socially produced and modifiable
health inequalities
Identified differences in health status of individuals, groups, or populations. These differences are based on measurable data, such as biological, socioeconomic factors, individual behaviours, physical and environmental, early childhood development and healthcare access