Midterm Flashcards

Question

Correlational Research

Answer 1

Cannot establish cause & effect | Sees if variables are associated with one another

Answer 2

Participants randomly assigned to groups Either to intervention or control group Can establish cause and effect

Answer 3

a statistical method used to combine the findings of many studies to reach one conclusion Combines many subjects from many studies and makes our conclusions stronger Decide on criteria that all of the studies must meet Such as: all participants had an equal chance of being assigned to the experimental or control group; there was follow up a minimum of 3 months after the end of the study

Answer 4

the cause or reason for something

Answer 5

Allow certain people with “desirable” traits to reproduce, and stop/limit reproduction of those with “undesirable” trait

Answer 6

recognizing distinct cultural entities and adopting some values of the majority group

Answer 7

interpreting behaviors within the context of the culture

Answer 8

Facilitated through a 3rd party, restoration of respect, spiritual component

Answer 9

Asian Americans were significantly more pessimistic, but there was no significant difference of depressive symptoms between the groups

Answer 10

depression rises as affluence rises

Answer 11

``` Self-actualization Safety Love and belonging Physiological Esteem ```

Answer 12

Seeing one’s life as worthwhile and one’s self as making a contribution to the greater good (significance) Seeing one’s life as making sense (coherence) Having a sense of purpose (purpose) -having important goals -making a contribution to the world via those goals

Answer 13

meeting the social, educational, cultural, and occupational | expectations of society

Answer 14

positive psychological well-being

Answer 15

a cognitive bias in which consumers place a disproportionately high value on products they partially created

Answer 16

to the experience of seeing firsthand the reality of the Earth in space, which is immediately understood to be a tiny, fragile ball of life, hanging in the void, shielded and nourished by a paper-thin atmosphere

Answer 17

Infancy, children develop sense of trust when caregiver provides reliability and affection

Answer 18

Early Childhood; Sense of personal control over physical skills and independence

Answer 19

Play age, sense of purpose; humor, empathy, resilience

Answer 20

School age; humility, acceptance of the course of ones life and unfulfilled hopes

Answer 21

sense of self and personal identity

Answer 22

sense of the complexity of relationships, value of tenderness and loving freely

Answer 23

Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them

Answer 24

Look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment

Answer 25

Positive emotions help build resources: physical, psychological and social Negative emotions narrow our focus and actions Positive emotions broaden our thoughts and open us up to action – This has the potential for building relationships, helping us socially and improving us physically

Answer 26

1. Positive emotions impact one’s thought-action repertoire Undoing:” Positive (+) emotions undo the effects of negative (-) emotions Positive emotions help us “bounce back Positive emotions improve well-being and help build resources

Answer 27

suggest that + emotions increase explorative behavior –When + emotions are activated (in animals and humans), exploration of one’s environment is enhanced –Exploration involves gathering information about one’s surroundings, decreasing uncertainty

Answer 28

Exploration/play group –Training experience group –Control group Then asked to join 3 sticks together with current supplies –Exploration group: accomplished task faster and with fewer hints than other two groups (training group performed better than control group)

Answer 29

We are better able to distinguish differences in people of our own of race Joy condition: Recognized faces of other races at same rates as own race, not true for fear or neutral condition

Answer 30

Happiness that is derived from gaining pleasurable experienced/objects This feels good, but is short lived

Answer 31

Human flourishing associated with leading a virtuous life | –It takes more than pleasant experiences and pleasant emotions to attain happiness

Answer 32

50% Genetics 40% Thoughts and Actions 10% External Circumstances

Answer 33

Openness Conscientiousness: Self Discipline, Achievement Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism: Anxiety, Anger, Vulnerability

Answer 34

high extraversion, low neuroticism

Answer 35

We tend to become more conscientious in our 20s –We tend to become more agreeable in our 30s –Women tend to exhibit less neuroticism as they age (not true for men)

Answer 36

if the goal is to increase your well-being, you may need to vary the acts –So you do not habituate Consider engaging in acts where you do not receive credit, see how/if that changes anything for you Start a ripple effect Consider acts that contribute to your autonomy, competence or relatedness

Answer 37

the group that performed 5 acts of kindness a day

Answer 38

The Groundwork of Relationships – Initial learning experience of the child with a primary caregiver – Infant learns what he or she can expect from a relationship – Implications are long lasting, seem to have an impact on later intimate relationships

Answer 39

When caregiver is reintroduced. infant avoids caregiver

Answer 40

Either actively or passively expresses hostility towards caregiver upon reintroduction, however, also wants to be held by caregiver

Answer 41

Higher fear of abandonment, lower avoidance of intimacy

Answer 42

Lower fear of abandonment, higher avoidance of intimacy

Answer 43

Higher avoidance of intimacy, higher fear of abandonment

Answer 44

Lower fear of abandonment, lower avoidance of intimacy

Answer 45

Shared positive emotion – Synchrony between people’s behaviors and biochemistry – Decision to invest in the other person (usually reciprocal; sometimes called “mutual care”)

Answer 46

result in shared emotion, has potential of increasing understanding and contributing mutual care

Answer 47

associated with social and pair bonding; it is released when dancing, praying, and hugging

Answer 48

facial expressions, heart rate, and hearing

Answer 49

``` Knowing and being known Making relationship enhancing attributions Being accepting and respectful Reciprocity Continual attention to minding ```

Answer 50

Habitual and automatic behavior –Does not require us to think much or reflect on our behavior –Can contribute to our efficiency –However, also can be automatically triggered and we can engage in behaviors that are counterproductive

Answer 51

awareness that arises when paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, nonjudgmentally; meditation, deep breathing, yoga

Answer 52

when brain is at rest it occurs quickly It is associated with being less happy Meditation said to curb the wandering mind

Answer 53

ride out cravings instead of suppressing them; practicing mindfulness helps

Answer 54

Focus only on task at hand; no multitasking

Answer 55

the disappearance of the conditioned response (CR) when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) *Example: we ring the bell, but do not give the dog any food -Eventually the dog understands -The pairing is first weakened, then it disappears

Answer 56

In order to overcome fear of a dreaded stimulus or activity, the person subjects him or herself to contact with the feared stimulus/activity –Eventually, as there is no danger, the person’s physiological arousal gradually dissipates

Answer 57

A subjective state of optimal experience during performance of a non-trivial task, whose difficulty is on par with the skill level of the subject

Answer 58

Flow increased a sense of competence and autonomy | Some flow experiences might also cultivate relatedness

Answer 59

a group of personality variables are related to flow; high persistence, curiosity, high intrinsic motivation, low self-centeredness

Answer 60

Examined their autobiographies; correlational study; stories with high degrees of positive emotion; complexity of stories related to cognitive health

Midterm Flashcards

(84 cards)