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Audiology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

what are the two aspects of sound?

A

physical and psychological

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2
Q

the place theory compares the cochlea to _______

A

piano keys

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3
Q

resonance theory

A

-air gets into our inner ear, and depending on the size of the hole that it goes through, that is the frequency that we hear
-tonotopically organized

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4
Q

broca’s area is responsible for _________

A

speech production/ expressive language

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5
Q

wernicke’s area is responsible for __________

A

understanding/ receptive language

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6
Q

afferent pathways travel _____________

A

from the periphery to the brain (away from the cochlea)

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7
Q

the left temporal lobe is responsible for ___________

A

speech and language

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8
Q

what frequencies form the core (center) of the 8th cranial nerve?

A

low frequencies

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9
Q

which part of the basilar membrane is less stiff?

A

the apex

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10
Q

which part of the basilar membrane is narrower?

A

the base

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11
Q

tonotopic organization

A

-different places on the basilar membrane correspond with different frequencies
-lower frequencies at the top, higher frequencies at the base
- created like a gradient

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12
Q

the top (apex) of the cochlea is responsible for _________

A

low frequencies

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13
Q

the outer 2/3 of the external ear canal are made of __________

A

cartilage

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14
Q

the bony center of the cochlea is called the _________

A

modiolus

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15
Q

the modiolus contains the ___________

A

8th cranial nerve

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16
Q

how many turns are in the cochlea?
(how many times it wraps around the center)

A

2.5 times

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17
Q

what are the three cochlear canals (ducts)?

A

scala vestibuli
scala media
scala tympani

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18
Q

what duct is filled with endolymph?

A

scala media

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19
Q

what ducts are filled with perilymph?

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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20
Q

what are the two membranes within the cochlea?

A

reisners (top) and basilar (bottom)

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21
Q

the organ of corti is located in the __________

A

basilar membrane

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22
Q

the membrane which when moved, stimulates the outer and inner hair cells called the _________

A

tectorial membrane

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23
Q

the connection of the apex of the cochlea from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani is called ____________

A

the helicomtema

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24
Q

the end organ of hearing is the ___________

A

organ of corti

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25
the purpose of the inner hair cells in the organ of corti is to ___________
understand/ understanding
26
the purpose of the outer hair cells in the organ of corti is __________
amplification
27
the ________ system's purpose is to keep balance and detect movement.
vestibular system
28
central auditory pathway
-cochlea -8th cranial nerve -cochlea nuclei -superior olivary complex -lateral lemniscus -inferior -medial genicular body auditory cortex
29
the point where crossover begins to occur in the central auditory pathway is ________
after the cochlea nuclei and before the medial genicular body
30
sound waves entering the ear
acoustic waves
31
vibrations of the bones in the middle ear
mechanical energy
32
mechanical energy is transformed by the ________
tympanic membrane
33
energy with the fluid of the cochlea
hydraulic energy
34
hydraulic energy is transformed by _________
the stapes
35
energy as the impulse is sent to the brain
chemical/ electric energy
36
chemical/ electric energy is transformed by _________
hair cells moving
37
resonant frequency at the canal is ________HZ
2700
38
hair cells are called
cilia
39
the movement of the tectorial membrane causes ____________
the cilia to bend on the organ of corti (depolarization)
40
hair cells are bundles that are attached by tip links with one long cilia that is embedded in the tectorial membrane true or false?
false - it is not embedded, it sits on top
41
what happens in the excitatory phase?
the cell depolarizes
42
what happens during the inhibitory phase?
the cell hyperpolarizes
43
the inner 1/3 of the external ear canal is made up of _______
bone
44
the part of the tympanic membrane the contains radial fibers is called _________
pars tensa
45
the part of the tympanic membrane responsible for hearing is called _______
pars tensa
46
the upper third of the tympanic membrane that allows vibration is called _______
pars flaccida
47
the notch that divides the pars flaccida and the pars tensa is the __________
notch of rivinus
48
what color should a healthy tympanic membrane be?
pearly grey
49
what are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?
-epithelial tissue -mucosa -radial fibers
50
what separates the outer and middle ear?
tympanic membrane
51
the lateral wall of the middle ear contains the ___________
tympanic membrane
52
the anterior wall of the middle ear contains the __________
eustachian tube
53
the posterior wall of the middle war includes the __________ and the __________
pyramidal eminence and the aditus
54
the inferior wall of the middle ear includes the __________
jugular bulb
55
the superior wall of the middle ear is also called the ________ wall
tegmental
56
the medial wall includes __________ __________ __________
the oval window the round window the promontory
57
what are the 3 bones of the middle ear?
malleus, incus, and stapes
58
the part of the malleus that attaches to the tympanic membrane is called the ________
umbo
59
the footplate of the stapes sits in the _______ window
oval window
60
the two muscles of the middle ear are the __________ and the ___________
stapedial muscle: attaches to the stapes and pyramidal eminence ( on the posterior wall) tensor tympani: attaches to the malleus and the anterior wall
61
how do the muscles of the inner ear work?
they work together by pulling in opposite directions
62
what tube allows airflow into the middle ear?
eustachian tube
63
when does the eustachian tube open?
opens on some occasions
64
the eustachian tube runs from the middle ear to which part of the body?
nasopharynx
65
the eustachian tube is flatter in adults than infants. true or false?
false
66
what are the two portions of the inner ear?
the vestibular portion and the auditory portion
67
how many semi-circular canals are there on ear side?
3
68
which is more elastic, a door or a rubber band?
door
69
molecules travel from sound source into the middle ear and do not have a fixed range of movement in space. true or false?
false- they do have a fixed range of movement
70
compression is when molecules are ________
coming closer together
71
rarefaction is when molecules are ____________
growing farther apart
72
on a sine wave graph, above the midline represents _________
compression
73
on a sine wave graph, below the midline represents ____________
rarefaction
74
frequency is defined as __________ per ___________
cycles completed per time (seconds)
75
amplitude is related to ________
loudness
76
what causes change in amplitude?
a change in force
77
what happens when two waves are 180 degrees out of phase?
the waves cancel each other out/ 100% dampen
78
deciBels
-involves a ratio -uses logarithmic scale -nonlinear scale
79
dB IL
intensity level
80
dB SPL
sound production level
81
how is intensity related to pressure?
intensity= pressure^2
82
what is 0dB HL?
audiometric zero (starting point on the graph where it is flat)
83
what is the measurement of pitch?
decibels
84
how much energy is exerted when the molecules hit each other is called ___________
force
85
the force distributed over an area
pressure
86
when any mass is moved and energy is used up
work
87
the capacity to exert force and use energy in the process
power

Audiology (1 decks)

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