Midterm

Question 1

How are the terms sport (as opposed to sports) and religion (as opposed to religions) alike?

Answer 1

Both are broad terms that encompass many activities (in the case of sport) or faiths (in the case of religion).

Question 2

Which of the following competencies is paramount for people working in sport communication management?

Answer 2

Written and Verbal Communication

Question 3

Critical thinking is

Answer 3

positive, caring, and productive

Question 4

Which of the following assumptions should be challenged by sport managers?

Answer 4

Members of underrepresented groups do not have the requisite skills for management positions.

Question 5

Which of the following areas will challenge sport managers of the future?

Answer 5

increased social responsibility

Question 6

Sport managers compete for the __________ of consumers through the sale of items that might or might not be related to the primary focus of the sport business.

Answer 6

discretionary funds

Question 7

Financing for sport businesses is unique because

Answer 7

a significant portion of revenue comes from extraneous sources such as concessions, parking, merchandise, and TV rights

Question 8

According to the definition of sport by Pitts and Stotlar (2013) and Pitts (2016), an activity must always be competitive to be considered sport.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Marketing is a unique aspect of sport management because

Answer 9

sport activities tend to be spontaneous

Question 10

To demonstrate social responsibility, sport managers should

Answer 10

acquire a sound understanding of the historical, psychological, sociological, and philosophical dimensions of sport

Question 11

Goal setting is part of the ____________ management process.

Answer 11

planning

Question 12

Staffing involves which of the following?

Answer 12

Recruiting and hiring new employees

Question 13

The ____________ leader behaves by raising followers’ consciousness about the importance of outcomes and explains how followers can reach those outcomes by placing organizational interests ahead of self-interests.

Answer 13

Transformational

Question 14

The ____________ leadership style implies an exchange between leaders and followers whereby they agree on the types of performances that will lead to reward or punishment for followers.

Answer 14

Transactional

Question 15

What source of power stems from charisma, charm, and appeal?

Answer 15

Referent

Question 16

All management function processes ultimately revolve around the manager’s actions and decisions.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

_____ and ______ may lead managers and employees to treat diverse employees unfairly.

Answer 17

Biases and Stereotypes

Question 18

The primary goal of management is to exert influence on individual and group behaviors.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

When people function as __________, they are focused on doing things right; when they function as __________, they are focused on doing the right thing.

Answer 19

managers; leaders

Question 20

The process by which people in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor share symbols as they create meaning through interaction is called

Answer 20

Sport Communication

Question 21

An undergraduate sport management education prepares students for

Answer 21

entry-level positions

Question 22

Someone working in the ________ _________ career area is not likely to be employed at a university.

Answer 22

Interscholastic Athletics

Question 23

A professional who works for Raleigh Parks and Recreation is likely to be working in the _________ career area.

Answer 23

Youth and Community Sports

Question 24

The GM of the RBC center works in the _____

Answer 24

Facilities and event management career area

Question 25

Three components of Sport Management curriculum

Answer 25

Gen ed courses, Major course, field experiences

Question 26

Major areas of the sport industry

Answer 26

Youth and Community Sports Interscholastic Athletics Intercollegiate Athletics Professional Sport Sport Management and Marketing Agencies Sport Tourism Sport Mass Media Sport Education Sport Equipment Supply and Manufacturing Facility and Event Management

Question 27

The voluntary sport clubs of the 1800s began as clubs for mostly middle- and lower-class men.

Answer 27

False, Upper Class

Question 28

Which athletic club built the first cinder track in the United States?

Answer 28

New York Athletic Club

Question 29

The Young Men's Christian Association (______) began offering boys competitive sporting opportunities in the late 19th century.

Answer 29

YMCA

Question 30

Which of the following experienced the largest gains in participant numbers over the past eight years?

Answer 30

individual conditioning and exercise

Question 31

How are publicly supported parks and recreation centers in the United States typically funded?

Answer 31

Local tax dollars and user fees

Question 32

The goal of youth sport classes is generally to develop young athletes into future Olympians.

Answer 32

False, goal is not exclusively to develop olympians

Question 33

The management structure and delivery system in community sport organizations is quite different from one organization to another.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What percentage of students are in after school programs for K - 12?

Answer 34

11%

Question 35

The credentials for ______ are not the same at public and private schools.

Answer 35

coaching

Question 36

Most of a high school athletic ________ time is spent engaged in traditional managerial activities.

Answer 36

directors

Question 37

In 2005 athletic participation in high school athletics topped __________ for the first time.

Answer 37

7 million

Question 38

Which of the following employees in a professional association would most likely be accountable for the daily operations of the organization and supervise the staff?

Answer 38

Executive Director

Question 39

When an athletic administrator's position becomes available, it is not _____ to fill it internally with a coach who does not have the necessary knowledge or experience.

Answer 39

uncommon

Question 40

What is the primary function of a high school athletic director?

Answer 40

provide the leadership and management of the interscholastic athletic program

Question 41

According to recent research, high school __________ players are twice as likely to endure concussions while playing as their college counterparts.

Answer 41

football

Question 42

At most schools, how much of the budget is allocated to the athletic department?

Answer 42

1-3 percent

Question 43

It is generally not very difficult for athletic administrators to keep their athletic programs afloat during times of economic hardship

Answer 43

False, it is difficult

Question 44

How many NCAA Division I collegiate athletics departments generated revenue in excess of overall athletic expenses in 2014-15?

Answer 44

22

Question 45

Several California community colleges formed the National Junior College Athletic Association (____), because the NCAA refused to allow community college programs to compete in the NCAA track and field championships in 1937.

Answer 45

NJCAA

Question 46

For which of the following positions is it imperative that the administrator understand NCAA and conference rules and regulations?

Answer 46

Compliance officer

Question 47

The _____ for division classification within the NCAA includes size of the institution's financial base; number of sports offered; types of sports offered; focus of the program; and existence of athletic grants-in-aid.

Answer 47

criteria

Question 48

What NCAA division is the largest?

Answer 48

Divison 3

Question 49

The NCCAA focuses on the promotion and enhancement of intercollegiate athletic competition with a _____ perspective.

Answer 49

Christian

Question 50

The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for ______ governed US women's intercollegiate athletics from 1971 to 1981.

Answer 50

women

Question 51

Initially, intercollegiate athletics began as class games, which eventually became intercollegiate contests, and these games and contests were controlled by _____.

Answer 51

Students

Question 52

First team sport to employ professionals

Answer 52

baseball

Question 53

What term did David Harris use to describe the notion that teams must, among other things, share revenues?

Answer 53

League think

Question 54

The Sherman Antitrust Act pertains to which of the following professional leagues?

Answer 54

Major League Baseball

Question 55

What legislation allowed leagues (rather than individual teams) to negotiate network TV contracts?

Answer 55

Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961

Question 56

These four aspects of professional sport distinguish it from other industries:

Answer 56

Interdependence, structure, governance, role of the electronic and new media

Question 57

The collective bargaining agreement is an equitable system for distributing new talent among all league members.

Answer 57

False, Draft

Question 58

______ revenues are generated when leagues and teams grant merchandise and apparel manufacturers the right to use their names and logos.

Answer 58

Licensing

Question 59

First sport management and marketing agency

Answer 59

International Management Group (IMG)

Question 60

In which category of sport management and marketing agencies are IMG, Octagon, and Wasserman Media Group?

Answer 60

Full-service

Question 61

Sport management and marketing agencies often ______ hire entry-level employees who have just completed their college degree.

Answer 61

do not

Question 62

The term ______ refers to a program or product that the vendor executes without further involvement from the client.

Answer 62

turnkey

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a full service agency?

Answer 63

16W Marketing

Question 64

Associating the name of a sponsor with the name of an event or facility in exchange for cash or other considerations is referred to as _______.

Answer 64

entitlement

Question 65

Which of the following four businesses are a part of IMG?

Answer 65

Corporate marketing, TV, Event management and marketing, and client management

Question 66

Which of the following would be classified as a specialty sport management and marketing agency?

Answer 66

Excel sports

Question 67

Who is the sole client of an in-house group?

Answer 67

Themselves

Question 68

What type of events does Higham (1999) suggest provide communities with more benefits and fewer burdens?

Answer 68

Small-scale events

Question 69

A sport tourist who plays the Old Course at St. Andrews would be considered __________________________.

Answer 69

An active sport tourist

Question 70

The variable patterns of tourist visitation throughout the year at a destination is referred to as _____.

Answer 70

Seasonality

Question 71

Using strategies to optimize the benefits or outcomes associated with an event is referred to as _____.

Answer 71

Leverage

Question 72

The _______ in a community promotes tourism and acts as a centralized source of information about events, accommodations, and other visitor-related information.

Answer 72

Convention and visitors bureau

Question 73

When ski resorts extend their ski seasons, it leaves little time for grass and plant regeneration. This is an example ofwhich type of sustainability issue?

Answer 73

Environmental

Question 74

Research shows that as many as 70% of _____ at a sporting event come from within the metropolitan area.

Answer 74

spectators

Question 75

The displacement effect refers to someone whose primary motivation was not to attend a sporting event, but they ended up going because they were in the vicinity of the event when it was taking place.

Answer 75

False, not the displacement effect

Question 76

______ sport tourism positions sport events as tourist attractions to the sport tourists who travel to watch them.

Answer 76

Event

Question 77

______ residents often suffer the most when a city hosts a mega event.

Answer 77

Low-income

Question 78

The concept of ____ considers the needs of today and those of the future.

Answer 78

Sustainability

Question 79

____ _____ is a process by which people in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor share symbols as they create meaning through interaction.

Answer 79

Sport communication

Question 80

What are the elements of the communication process?

Answer 80

Sender, message, reciever, channel

Question 81

The Strategic Sport Communication Model includes ____ components.

Answer 81

three

Question 82

Component 1 of the SSCM includes _______.

Answer 82

Personal and Organizational Communication

Question 83

_____ (social media) is included in the Component 2 of the SSCM.

Answer 83

New Media

Question 84

_____communication is in component 3 of the SSCM.

Answer 84

Crisis

Question 85

Media relations specialists do which of the following?

Answer 85

Write press releases, plan news conferences, manage game services

Question 86

Community relations specialists perform which of the following tasks?

Answer 86

Develop outreach programs, coordinate public appearances for players and coaches, develop off the field publicity for the organization

Question 87

Dr. Lindsay's personal ______ on education is to "provide the conditions in which students can learn.

Answer 87

philosphy

Question 88

Dr. Lindsay shares his philosophy on sport education with which of the following?

Answer 88

Albert Einstein

Question 89

_______ is a career area in which a person (such as a teacher or a school administrator) works to prepare interested individuals to become a sports management professional.

Answer 89

Sport Education

Question 90

Declining budgets have presented ____ challenges to members of the sport education career path.

Answer 90

many

Question 91

Which of the following are not challenges to the professionals in the sport education career path?

Answer 91

Changing student's profile, competiton, expectations from employers not met, retention and graduation rates, (All of the above are challenges to the sport education career path)

Question 92

Career Opportunities for professionals interested in _____ are commonly located in schools, colleges and universities and professional sport organizations.

Answer 92

Sport education

Question 93

A undergraduate degree is typically the minimum qualification for employment at a college or university in the sport education career path.

Answer 93

False, Typically Masters or higher

Question 94

Many colleges and universities require a ____for employment in this career path.

Answer 94

P h.D.