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Geography of hazards > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

How many homes are evacuated as a result of earthquakes per year

A

20 million

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2
Q

West Coast Hazards

A

Earthquakes, landslides

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3
Q

East Coast hazards

A

Hurricanes

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4
Q

Mid-continent hazards

A

Tornadoes, Blizzards

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5
Q

All area hazards

A

Drought

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6
Q

The 3 main processes from which natural hazards can arise

A

Internal forces, external forces, gravitational attraction

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7
Q

Hazard:

A

process that poses a potential threat to people or the environment

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8
Q

Risk

A

the probability of an event occurring multiplied by the impact on people or the environment

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9
Q

Disaster

A

a brief event that causes great property damage or loss of life

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10
Q

Catastrophe

A

a massive disaster; makes news and stays in news for a long time

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11
Q

Hazards that are more likely to be catastrophic

A

tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, flood

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12
Q

Hazards that are less likely to be catastrophic

A

landslides, avalanches, wildfire

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13
Q

Which cycles are involved in the Geological Cycle

A

Tectonic cycle, Rock cycle, Hydrologic cycle

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14
Q

Which cycle involves the creation, movement, and destruction of tectonic plates

A

Tectonic cycle

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15
Q

Composed of hot magma with some flow

A

asthenosphere

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16
Q

thin and brittle crust

A

lithosphere

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of crust

A

Oceanic (dense and thin) and Continental (buoyant and thick)

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18
Q

which type of crust would sink below the other

A

Oceanic because it is more dense

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19
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries

A

Divergent, Convergent, Transform

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20
Q

At these boundaries, plates move away from each other and new land is created

A

Divergent Plate Boundaries

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21
Q

At the boundaries, plates move toward each other

A

Convergent Plate Boundaries

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22
Q

What happens in subduction zones

A

Collision of Oceanic and Continental crusts; the dense ocean plates sink and melt and the melted magma rises to form volcanoes

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23
Q

What happens in Collision Boundaries

A

Collision of 2 continental plates; Neither sinks and tall mountains tend to form

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24
Q

Plates slide horizontally past each other

A

Transform Boundaries

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25
What are the 3 types o rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
26
A specific time, date, location, and magnitude of the event
Prediction
27
A range of probability for the event
Forecast
28
Risk (equation)
(probability of event) x (consequences)
29
Consequences
damage to people, property, the environment, the economy
30
The amount of risk that an individual is willing to take
Acceptable Risk
31
What constitutes a Disaster according to CRED
10 or more deaths per event or 100 or more persons affected (injured, homeless, etc.) or government declaration of disaster or plea for international assistance
32
What disaster typically affects more people, but causes fewer deaths
Floods
33
What was the magnitude of the Haiti Earthquake
M7.0
34
The 2010 Haiti Earthquake occurred at what type of boundary
Transform
35
The rate of recovery from an event
Resilliency
36
The frequency with which protective devices against disasters can withstand the disaster
Recovery
37
Risk Assesment
Estimating the likelihood that a particular event will harm human health
38
Risk Management
Deciding whether or how to reduce a particular risk and at what cost
39
Tsunamis are produced by...
the sudden displacement of water
40
What are the 2 ways Earthquakes can trigger Tsunamis
by displacement of the seafloor, or by triggering a landslide that enters water
41
What is a hazard that is mainly considered an economic concern in developed countries, but can lead to death in developing countries
Drought
42
If the technological reliability is 91% and the human reliability is 82%, what is the system reliability
74.6%
43
Planting of one similar crop in an area
Monoculture
44
Dense vegetation along Shoreline
Mangrove
45
A tsunami that travels thousands of km across the open ocean
Distant/tele tsunamis
46
A tsunami that affects shorelines 100km to 1000km from its source
Regional Tsunami
47
A tsunami affects shorelines within 100km of its source. They are the most dangerous type
Local Tsunami
48
Another name for a distant tsunami is a ...
tele-tsunami
49
What regions are most at risk of tsunamis
Coasts located near subduction zones or across oceans from subduction zones
50
What are the 4 patterns of choice to describe how people can respond to risk
Absorb, Accept, Reduce, Change
51
What are evocative hazards
These are hazards that typically induce much public reaction despite data suggesting they may create little risk
52
What are Banal Hazards
These are hazards that induce little public reaction even though they may have similar risks to some evocation hazards
53
What are the 5 theories to explain why some people feel some technologies are a major concern while others feel they are not a concern
Knowledge, Personality, Economic, Political, Cultural
54
Greater knowledge of fatality data leads to a greater perceived threat from the technology
Knowledge Theory
55
There is consistency between the personality type and the perceived threat from the technological hazards
Personality Theory
56
The wealthy are more willing to take risks with technology because they may benefit more or have better access
Economic Theory
57
Personal views toward risk are related to the political party (and policies) that people support
Political Theory
58
Based on the way of life of the people (urban, rural, retired, child-rearing, etc). The worldview is correlated to how the person perceives risk
Cultural Theory
59
Which theory was found to be the best explanation for how people perceived the risk
Cultural Theory
60
Landslide
Downslope movements of rock or sediment as a result of gravity
61
What are the 3 types of Lanslides
Fall, Slide, Flow
62
Factor of Safety is DF/RF (Driving Force; Resisting Force)
F. It is RF/DF
63
When the Factor of Safety ratio is over 1 the slope is said to be __
stable
64
When the Factor of Safety ratio is under 1 the slope is said to be __
unstable
65
Slumps are
a rotational mass movement
66
Rotational mass movements
falls along a curved surface
67
Translational mass movements
falls along a discrete plane
68
Steep slopes are associated with
Rock Falls
69
Moderate slopes are associated with
Flows
70
Gentle slops are associated with
Creep
71
Rock falls are more common in what type of area
Dry climates
72
Flows and creeps are more common in what type of area
Humid climates
73
fragments of rock moved down a slope and accumulated at its base
talus
74
What is the instrument used to detect movement along a slope
Tiltmeters
75
Which gas is most potent in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
76
What does this prefix mean: cirro-
High cloud
77
What does this prefix mean: alto-
Mid-level cloud
78
What does this prefix mean: strato-
Low cloud
79
What does this suffix mean: -cumulus
puffy
80
What does this suffix mean: -stratus
flat
81
What describes a cirrocumulus cloud
High puffy cloud
82
Cumulonimbus
Thunderstorm cloud
83
Nimbostratus
Precipitation cloud
84
The name of the front describes the air in front of the front
F. It describes the air behind the front
85
what are the 2 types of fronts
Cold front, warm front
86
What kind of front do we associate thunderstorms with
Coldfront
87
Hail and Tornadoes go hand in hand
True
88
Lightning always causes Thunder
True; whether we hear it or not, it always does
89
wind shear
a change in wind speed or wind direction over a distance
90
What are the 2 types of cyclones
Tropical Cyclones, Extratropical Cyclones
91
Safest area in a hurricane
The eye
92
Hurricanes rotate counter-clockwise
True
93
If a hurricane is moving East, on which side will its weakest winds be located
North
94
If a hurricane is moving North-West, on which side will its weakest winds be located
South-West
95
Cloud with its base at the Earths surface
Fog
96
What specific condition must be met for a hazard to be considered a Blizzard
wind of at least 40 km/h snow falling or blowing snow occurring visibility less than 400m ~All of these must occur for at least 4 hours
97
The most destructive part of a hurricane
eyewall
98
Term for a large tropical weather system similar to a hurricane
Typhoon
99
What are the requirements for a Thunderstorm
unstable environment, water vapour, rising air
100
How do we classify tornadoes
With the Enhanced Fujita (*EF) scale from 0 to 5
101
How do we classify Hurricanes
With the Saffir-Simpson scale
102
Rank these storms from least to most dangerous: Tropical Storm, Tropical Disturbance, Hurricane, Tropical Depression
Tropical Disturbance, Tropical Depression Tropical Storm, Hurricane,
103
At what wind speed does a tropical storm become a Hurricane
120 km/h
104
What hazrd affects more people than any other in North America
Droughts
105
What is the highest weather alert
Warning
106
Watch Alert
An alert covering a wide area; Conditions favour the development of hazardous weather, but none has been reported
107
Advisory Alert
Used to alert the public of less hazardous weather conditions
108
Warning Alert
An alert that covers smaller areas; indicates that hazardous weather is currently occurring in the area

Geography of hazards (4 decks)

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