Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
thin filaments
A
actin
2
Q
fat
A
adipose tissue
3
Q
the study of the form of body parts and how they are organized
A
anatomy
4
Q
towards the front
A
anterior
5
Q
towards the back
A
posterior
6
Q
includes upper and lower limbs
A
appendicular
7
Q
1st vertebrae that supports the head
A
atlas
8
Q
2nd vertebrae that allows the head to turn
A
axis
9
Q
includes the head, neck, and trunk
A
axial
10
Q
the connected surface is anchored to the connective tissue by a thin non-cellular layer
A
basement membrane
11
Q
cartilage cells
A
chondrocyte
12
Q
ridges on the brain
A
convolutions
13
Q
thick inner layer of skin
A
dermis
14
Q
responsive structures outside of the nervous system
A
effector
15
Q
thin outer layer of skin
A
epidermis
16
Q
a hole that nerves and blood vessels pass through
A
foramen
17
Q
prevents blood clotting
A
heparin
18
Q
waterproof protein
A
keratin
19
Q
towards the right or left
A
lateral
20
Q
close to the center line of the body that divides the body into right and left
A
medial
21
Q
strap of dense connective tissue that connects a bone to other bones
A
ligament
22
Q
the growing region at the base of a nail
A
lunula
23
Q
dark pigment in the deeper layers of the epidermis that absorbs light energy
A
melanin
24
Q
membranes located between the bone and soft tissues of the nervous system
A
meninges
25
the chemical and physical changes occurring within an organism
metabolism
26
thick filaments
myosin
27
electrochemical change around a nerve
nerve impulse
28
nerve cell
neuron
29
biochemical released by an axon of a neuron
neurotransmitter
30
stimulation of responses in the opposite direction to return an organism to its normal state
negative feedback
31
bone forming cells
osteoblasts
32
multinucleated cells that destroy blood cells
osteoclasts
33
when the matrix completely covers the osteoblasts
osteocytes
34
bone disease that develops when the quality / structure of a bone changes, or when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases
osteoporosis
35
study of the function of body parts
physiology
36
closer to the trunk or point of attachment
proximal
37
further from the trunk or point of attachment
distal
38
automatic responses to stimuli within or outside the body
reflex
39
basic subunit of skeletal muscle contraction
sarcomere
40
neurological cells that wrap tightly around the axon of a neuron
schwann cell
41
above another part of the body
superior
42
below another part of the body
inferior
43
immovable joint found in the flat bones of the skull
suture
44
the junction between 2 communicating neurons
synapse
45
strap of dense connective tissue that connects a skeletal muscle to a bone
tendon
46
rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle
twitch
47
interconnected cavities in the cerebrum and brainstem
ventricles
48
1st level of orginazation
atom
49
2nd level of organization
molecule
50
3rd level of organization
macromolecule
51
4th level of organizaton
organelle
52
5th level of organization
cell
53
6th level of organization
tissue
54
7th level of organization
organ
55
8th level of organization
organ system
56
9th level of organization
organism
57
5 environmental requirements of life
water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
58
the cut that divides the body into the top and bottom
transverse
59
the cut that divides the body into the front and back
coronal
60
the cut that divides the body into the right and left
sagittal
61
maintaining a stable internal environment
homeostasis
62
define tissue
groups of cells that have the same structural and functional roles
63
covers all body tissues, lines body cavities, and lines hollow organs; has 1 free surface and 1 connected surface; no blood vessels
epithelial tissue
64
binds tissues, provides support / protection, serves as framework, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects against infection, and helps repair tissue damage; is sometimes rigid and flexible
connective tissue
65
elongated fibers that can shorten or contract
muscle tissue
66
allows communication; found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
nervous tissue
67
why does it take cartilage so long to heal
there's no direct blood flow
68
line body cavities that lack openings to the outside
serous membrane
69
line cavities and tubes that open to the outside
mucous membrane
70
inner lining of the joint cavities
synovial membrane
71
skin
cutaneous membrane
72
binds the skin to underlying organs
hypodermis
73
1. regulating body temperature
2. slowing water loss
3. housing sensory receptors
4. synthesizing biochemicals
5. excreting some waste
This is how the skin maintains ___________.
homeostasis
74
what do blood vessels do if the body is too warm
they cool it back down to regulate the body temperature
75
what is the normal body temperature
98 degrees Fahrenheit and 37 degrees celcius
76
what is the main concern for 3rd degree burns
infection
77
the marrow that forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
red marrow
78
the marrow that stores fat
yellow marrow
79
the 4 functions of bone
1. support and protection
2. body movement
3. blood cell formation
4. storage of inorganic salts
80
degree of ossification that occurs in the region of bone formation on the diaphysis
1st degree ossification
81
degree of ossification that occurs in the region of bone formation on the epiphysis
2nd degree ossification
82
the amount of vertebrae the cervical region has
7
83
the amount of vertebrae the thoracic region has
12
84
the amount of vertebrae the lumbar region has
5
85
the joint found in your hip
ball and socket
86
what gives muscle its striated appearance
the alternating pattern of actin and myosin
87
threshold stimulus
the minimum strength of a nerve impulse that will allow a muscle to contract
88
all or none response
the muscle either contracts or it doesn't contract (it can't contract harder or lighter)
89
attaches to the bone, striated, under conscious control
skeletal muscle
90
in the walls of hollow organs, no striations, and no conscious control
smooth muscle
91
in the heart, striated, and no conscious control
cardiac muscle
92
send impulses from the body parts to the brain / spinal cord
sensory neurons
93
direct sensory impulses to be processed and interpreted
interneurons
94
send impulses out of the brain / spinal cord to effectors
motor neurons
95
what is the purpose of the withdrawal reflex
to minimize damage to the body
96
nerves at rest
polarized
97
nerve impulse
depolarized
98
nerves at rest again
repolarized
99
stays polarized (+ outside, - inside)
action potential
100
electrochemical change around the nerve that causes the nerve impulse (- outside, + inside)
resting potential
101
what makes up the central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
