Midterm Flashcards by Emma Todhunter

A safety net program by FDR after the Great Depression. Retired workers and handicapped provided with payment through taxed paychecks through the pension program. Monthly money to elders and the unemployed

Social security

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The blitz is ended to create camps meant to kill scapegoats such as Jews, gays, communists, and socialists. Gas chambers were the main method due to the money and psychological costs of guns. Was not found out by the big three until 1943 and the public later. 6 million Jews and 4 million others killed

Holocaust

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All japanese American citizens were required to leave home and work in camps for the remainder of the war. They only had 48 hours, could bring one bag, and received little to no money from their house

Japanese American Internment

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A man who accused communists left and right, created a social movement called McCarthyism. Took inspiration from HUAC and claimed he had a list of 250 communists. Downfall when he went after the military

Joseph McCarthy

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July 1945, the big three meet again in a suburban town outside Berlin. Truman replaces FDR and Stevenson replaces Churchill. Here, the Yalta agreement was argued against by Truman, who also dropped the news of the atomic bombs on Stalin

Potsdam

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First Lady to FDR, filled in for him quite often and took a big role in politics. Held 348 press conferences and had her own newspaper column. Banned male reporters to encourage women reporters. FDR used her opinions to test limits. Left the DR and got Marian Anderson to sing at Lincoln Hall

Eleanor Roosevelt

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Reform program. Works progress admin, an unemployment program. A job program for building infrastructure across the country including schools, parks, and more. Hired over 8 million people and built 124k bridges and 116k buildings.

WPA

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The Levit family saw an opportunity in the uprise in marriages, and employed military tactics to create 38k houses

Levittowns

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A black baseball player chosen to play for the white league due to his resilience, won the World Series and showed white and black people could work together

Jackie Robinson

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Giving money to western countries to help rebuild from American government taxes. Soviets marketed this as being in debt to America.

Marshall plan

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1948-1949: Soviets cut out traveling points in Berlin, and Americans sent planes over to bring supplies. Eventually Stalin looked too bad and unblocked. Could’ve sparked a war

Berlin blockade

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House un American activities committee, investigated communist activity. Often violated the 1st amendment and put many Hollywood stars on black lists for promoting communism.

HUAC

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First woman on the cabinet, first secretary on the department of labor. Promoted the social security act.

Francis Perkins

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Brought cheap electricity to the rural areas using dams and power plants. Created jobs during the new deal.

Tennessee valley authority

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African American leader who was involved with civil rights. Believed racial inequality to be a source and was against plessy vs. NAACP founder.

WEB Dubois

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The 13th amendment, introduced for reconstruction

Abolished slavery in the united states

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Weakened the 13th. Free black people (through the freedmen’s bureau) could be a part of a farmer’s system for a portion of the harvest, but often ended up in a cycle of debt caused by needing to purchase tools to do this work.

Sharecropping

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14th amendment, introduced for reconstruction

Equal protection amongst all citizens

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Weakened the 14th amendment, southern states started to test segregation laws at the local level before Plessy vs made it legal

Segregation

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A city in New Orleans began segregating bus sections, causing a man named David Plessy to sue the city manager. The case reached the Supreme Court and the “separate but equal” law was established

Plessy vs Ferguson

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15th amendment, introduced for reconstruction

Voting can’t be restricted on the basis of race

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Weakened the 15th amendment. Included the grandfather clause, poll taxes, and targeted literacy tests

Voting requirements

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Not as well funded as white schools due to wealth disparity (richer neighborhoods meant richer schools)

Black schools

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A black woman journalist who often exposed African american injustice. After her friend (who had tensions rising with a fellow grocery store owner) was lynched after a brawl, and she realized it was a way to keep them in control.

Ida B Wells

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Done with the excuse of protecting white women, but was a way to keep black people from speaking up for themselves.

Lynching

Made legal by Plessy Vs Ferguson. Separate but equal. Whites made decisions and blacks had to listen. Anti ethnic mixing

Segregation

Black people pointed out the hypocrisy in the criticisms of the holocaust while discrimination (lynching, voting rights, education, segregation) was still rampant back home. Victory against fascism, victory back home

Double v movement

As suburbs became more popular, the mass produced houses began to segregate between the rich and poor, and white and black. This caused lower property values, acts not doing much for black peoples, and less property tax for schools, plus lower health and higher policing. Richer homes meant more time, higher incomes, more funded.

redlining

July 1948. Grew up around racism, but was encouraged to take action after black veterans were lynched. Needed the black vote. Fully succeeded six years later

Truman desegregating the military

founder of the NAACP. A leader in African american history, split with Washington after not wanting to give up rights to please the south.

Dubois

Founded by Dubois, still around post-WW2. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Fought for Brown Vs

NAACP

Didn’t want to send daughter to a far away black school. Went to the Supreme Court, and eventually desegregated schools

Brown vs the board of education

The head attorney chosen by NAACP for Brown Vs. Brought a child psychologist to Alabama who, using dolls, proved insecurity in black children.

Thurgood Marshall

FDR, Churchill, and Stalin. Three men with big egos telling everyone else what to do

the big three

Elected over Hoover, did the new deal, one of the big three. Elected four times

FDR

England prime minister, well liked. One of the big three. In power during WW2 when England was being bombed. Couldn’t help america during the war due to a failing economy. During Potsdam, he lost his election and was called back

Winston Churchill

new prime minister and member of the big three after churchill. Elected because England was tired of getting into wars

Stevenson

Leader of the Soviet Union.one of the big three. Killed more than Hitler in the end, wanted a second front from FDR as his people were dying.

Joseph Stalin

February 1945, a city in a small island in Ukraine. The big three met and knew they were going to defeat the Germans

Yalta

Stalin wanted this and exchanged it for helping FDR in Japan. Later, Truman argued against this deal when FDR died

Yalta agreement, second front and agricultural germany, occupation in germany

July 1945, the new big three (Stevenson, Truman, Stalin) met in a suburban town just outside of Berlin. It was more of a victory lap/party.

Potsdam

Wasn’t told about the Yalta agreement, since FDR kept him from knowing anything as his VP. He believed modern society was the future and that FDR wouldn’t agree. Stalin took this as America not caring about the soviet union

Truman

A project splitting uranium atoms in the deserts of New Mexico to make atomic weapons. Truman got the call about these tests while in Potsdam and told Stalin, and it may had been taken as a threat

Manhattan project

We’re good, you’re bad, socialists and communists are evil. The government knew soviet missiles couldn’t reach us, but citizens didnt. Many were paranoid of soviet spies. Rights were violated

Red scare

A married Jewish couple who were giving atomic secrets and put to death due to the red scare

Rosenbergs

1949. Germany was split between the americans, French, British, and soviets. Berlin was in the soviet section but split similarly. Soviets cut off traveling points in protest of the rest of the country being modernized. America risked a third war and flew planes over to provide supplies. Stalin stopped due to looking like the bad guy

Berlin blockade

war amongst capitalists, middle class, communists, etc. Wanted help from England but couldn’t receive it due to focusing efforts at home. Called upon the United States and Truman sent weapons and money

Greece

Containment of communism, can’t do anything about where it already is but can prevent it from spreading

Truman doctrine

Shown in the Truman doctrine and in Greece’s war, number one US policy

Containment

Iceland, Scotland, wales, England, Norway, Denmark, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Greece, turkey, west germany, Portugal. If you attack one of us, you attack all of us. Military bases in all these countries with nuclear missiles targeting soviets

NATO/North American treaty organization

Russia, Poland, east germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria. Had nuclear missiles but no rocket technology until the 70s. Bases targeted European countries instead

Warsaw pact

1945-1989. No actual war occurred. Nuclear threat with Russia gaining missile technology that could reach america in the 70s, began after WW2. Intensified the red scare

Cold war

Hollywood was seen as a talking piece for communism, blacklists were created after the HUAC began investigating these claims and caused a brief downfall before movies had to be extremely pro-american

Hollywood blacklist

Gay employees fired in fear of being corrupted by communism or forced to spy. Followed an era of community since gays could leave small town life. Sex crime panic, especially with gay men. “Treatment” allowed arrest, and McCarthy called homosexuality a risk

Lavender scare

Organized a parade and the national woman’s party, protested Woodrow Wilson and got arrested for a silent protest, went on a hunger strike and got the story out

Alice Paul

Allowed women the right to vote

19th amendment

A part of progressivism, caused a stereotype of angry women. Wanted the woman vote in 20s

Women’s suffrage

Began to prey on women’s insecurities in order to promote makeup and other beauty products

Advertising in the 20s

After being denied permission to play in the constitutional hall by the Dr, Eleanor resigned her membership and got her to sing at the Lincoln memorial

Marian Anderson

Due to men being gone for war, women had to take their jobs. Rose to 50%

Women workers

An advertising campaign to encourage women to work, and an identity for these women

Rosie the Riveter

Treated unequally and not offered as many jobs

Black women

Moved to the suburbs with her husband and wrote for women’s magazines, wrote a book “the feminist mystique” pointing out this grooming to be housewives

Betty Friedan

The new ideal goal for middle class women, encouraged to do all the household work instead of working and criticized for not finding satisfaction in this and given medication

Housewife

Women’s magazines written by men, using images of women to promote household items and supplies, and encouraging women to be housewives while criticizing them for not liking it.

Advertising in the 50s

Increased in the 20s with a successful economy, the middle class had extra spending money and advertising circled around this. Credit helped

Consumerism

Being able to spend money you didn’t yet have and pay it back over time. Ended up racking up debts and caused the depression

Credit

Too much money was given out, so others lost money they couldn’t give back. Couldn’t be paid back, caused depression

Loans

Loans were given out for this, crashed and pushed the depression

Stock market, Wall Street crash of 29

A series of programs by FDR to help the people out of the depression

New Deal

Unemployment program, developed the underdeveloped part of the country with electricity and transportation, created jobs and electricity.

TVA/Tennessee valley authority

Unemployment program, targeted unemployment in the cities. Shipped out young men to rural areas to send money back and clean up the environment

CCC/Civilian Conservation Corps

Unemployment program, built infrastructure across the country including schools and parks. Put money into the economy to fix it

WPA/works progress administration

Safety net program, helping those hit by natural disasters with taxpayer money

FERA/federal emergency relief act

Safety net program, retired workers and handicapped provided with payment through paychecks of working class

SSA/social security admin

Economic security program, ensure confidence in the stock market to get more to invest since many lost money via the stock market. Stock cops watched transactions

SEC/security exchange commission

Economic security program, confidence in banks after being closed for a while. Insured even if they close, and insures deposits to get money back in the economy. Guarantees you won’t lose your money

FDIC/federal deposit insurance coporation

Provided soldier jobs and more jobs for women, later rose the standard for living

WW2 lifting us out of depression

Half of american families entered this, nuclear family, advertising and consumer goods

Middle class

An increase in household items like washing machines, dishwashers, vacuums, etc. due to the middle class having spending money, and could be bought on credit. Advertised towards women

Consumer goods

With soldiers coming back, the average age dropped as even teen magazines started promoting this

Marriage/children boom

Towns created by the masses for middle class families that were bought for cheap and stimulated the economy. The ideal life

Suburbs

Housing segregation and redlining caused suburban homeowners to have more time and therefore money, better schools, etc while lower classes didn’t

Wealth gap 50s

Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France sign this, by which Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defenses (the so-called Sudeten region) to Nazi Germany. German troops occupy these regions between October 1 and 10, 1938.

Munich agreement

American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city. The explosion immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure.

Hiroshima

provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. Stimulated the economy by putting more people in college and getting them houses (consumer culture)

GI bill

1956, authorized the building of highways throughout the nation, which would be the biggest public works project in the nation's history. Needed for transportation and defense

interstate highway bill

First satellite to orbit earth during the Cold War space race

Sputnik

Inspired by the historic bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955, Baker co-founded the organization In Friendship to raise money to fight against Jim Crow Laws in the deep South.

Ella Baker

led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War, serving as premier from 1958 to 1964. *he initiated a process of "de-Stalinization" that made Soviet society less repressive.

Nikita Khrushchev

Founded by an interracial group of pacifists, sit ins in northern cities to integrate restaurants

CORE/congress of racial equality

Linking black struggles worldwide

Black internationalism

Separated to communist north and anti south in 1945 between America and Soviets

Korea

kept the immigration quota in place after it previously was loosened, and deported suspected communist immigrants

McCarren-Walter act

Americans moved west and western cities grew, life centered around the car, suburban life

Going west

Replaced economic independence and democratic participation as central definitions of freedom. Demonstrated the superiority to communism. Ford cars, TV sets

Consumer culture

white collar workers outnumbering blue collar, less factory workers, successful unions, 70% working women

50s workforce

A boycott sparked by Rosa parks refusing to give up her seat

Montgomery bus boycott

Trained in the black church, resonated with many, linked with internationalism.

MLK

Coalition of black ministers and activists to press for desegregation, knew they couldn’t gain their rights without intervention. Pushed to have these movements come to pass

SCLC/southern Christian leadership conference

After Plessy Vs was overturned with Brown vs Board, nine kids went to a white highschool

Little Rock nine

A group who accused 10 people in Hollywood of pro-communist messaging, especially Jews, with photocopied membership cards. Embarrassed congress but made Hollywood pledge against communism

HUAC/house of un american activities committee

Had free democratic elections, but the chosen leaders were pro-union. The US, who had oil and fruit companies in these places, accused these leaders of being communist and the CIA assassinated them and replaced them with dictators so we would have cheap access to oil and fruit

Iran and Guatemala

Expanded to black people because of Truman, increased

Social security and minimum age

50s union membership increased, and a lot of the factory workers got to live in the suburbs. Established the right to unions

Wagner act

Midterm Flashcards

(105 cards)