MIDTERM

Question 1

STATISCAL TOOLS

Answer 1

Mean
Median
Mode
Range
Standard deviation
Variance
Coefficient of variation

Question 2

determine the concentration of an unknown sample

Answer 2

Reference calibration curve

Question 3

calculate the limit of detection, and the limit of quantitation.

Answer 3

Reference calibration curve

Question 4

Measure of the center of Distribution

Answer 4

Mean

Question 5

the sum of the observed values, from the first through the last

Answer 5

Sum of X

Question 6

Total number of observations

Answer 6

N

Question 7

values are arranged in increasing order

Answer 7

Median

Question 8

the value of the measured variables below which half the observation fall
- arithmetic mean of the 2 middle observation
- ex. 3,4,5,5,5,6,7

Answer 8

Median

Question 9

value that occurs most frequently in a list of items of data.

not affected by extreme values or outliers.
- ex: 3,4,5,5,5,6,7

Answer 9

Mode

Question 10

difference between the highest and lowest data points.
- ex: 7,6,5,5,5,4,3

Answer 10

Range

Question 11

measure of the dispersion of values around the mean

Answer 11

Standard deviation

Question 12

most frequently used measure of dispersion
- denoted by the use of s2

Answer 12

Variance

Question 13

defined as a sum of the square of the deviation of the observation from the mean divided by the
total number of observations less 1

Answer 13

Variance

Question 14

expressed as percentage of the mean

Answer 14

Coefficient of variation

Question 15

applied to activities directed toward the monitoring of the individual elements of care.

Answer 15

Quality control

Question 16

specimens analyzed for QC purposes.

Answer 16

Quality control materials

Question 17

• must be available in sufficient quantity to last at least a year and aliquoted in stable form.

Answer 17

Quality control material

Question 18

• lyophilized for stability, reconstituted in specific diluents

Answer 18

Qc materials

Question 19

solution that contains a known amount of an analyte

Answer 19

STANDARDS
- Primary
- Secondary

Question 20

Substance with an assigned value that the manufacturer establishes by using a reference method or by using reference materials traceable to primary stds.

Answer 20

Calibrator

Question 21

highly purified chemicals that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known
concentration.

Answer 21

Primary standard

Question 22

used for standardization of solutions of unknown strength

Answer 22

Primary standard

Question 23

stable and can be dried, preferably at 104 - 110 ̊C, without a change in composition;
- not hygroscopic

Answer 23

Primary standard

Question 24

lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard

Answer 24

Secondary standard

Question 25

certified by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) - used as primary standard materials in the clinical laboratory. - NIST and IRMM

Answer 25

Standard reference materials

Question 26

chemically and physically similar to the unknown - specimen and is tested in exactly the same manner.

Answer 26

Control

Question 27

Monitors PRECISION of the test system - Results: mean & SD

Answer 27

Control

Question 28

from either human serum or bovine

Answer 28

Commercial control sera

Question 29

- Collection of excess non-hemolyzed sera without gross lipemia

Answer 29

Pooled sera

Question 30

Steps in pooled sera

Answer 30

Centrifuge -> filter -> Analyze at least 20x Divide into 5 ml each -> stopper and store at -20 ̊C thaw

Question 31

Disadvantages of pooled sera

Answer 31

deterioration, contamination, loss of potency and pathogenic

Question 32

Ability of the method to detect even the smallest amount/slight differences in concentration.

Answer 32

Sensitivity

Question 33

Ability of the method to determine solely the compound it is supposed to measure

Answer 33

Specificity

Question 34

Indicates how close a measurement is to the true value

Answer 34

Accuracy

Question 35

Indicates how close test measurements are to each other when the same test is run on the same sample under identical conditions, time after time.

Answer 35

Precision

Question 36

Ability of a method to maintain its accuracy and precision over an extended period of time

Answer 36

Reliability

Question 37

Degree to which the method is easily repeated

Answer 37

Practicability

Question 38

CONTROL: Ideal Characteristic

Answer 38

- Resembles human sample - Inexpensive and stable for long periods - Does NOT contain communicable diseases - No matrix effects - With known analyte concentrations - Convenient packaging for easy dispensing and storage