Midterm Flashcards
(39 cards)
is a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability.
Fulfill life responsibilities, function effectively and are satisfied with their Interpersonal relationship and themselves.
MENTAL HEALTH
A clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and is associated with present distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering or death, pain, disability or an important loss of freedom (APA)
Mental Illness
It is when someone lacks the ability to manage day to day events and/or control their behavior so that basic physical and emotional needs are threatened or unmet.
mental illness
an extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions of reality and irrational behavior; basically, a complete break with reality.
psychosis
“Mental Health Nursing is a specialized field of nursing which focuses on meeting the mental health needs of the consumer, in partnership with family, significant others and the community in any setting. It is a specialized interpersonal process embodying a concept of caring….”
The Psychiatric/mental Health Nursing
– is an interpersonal process that promotes and maintains pt behavior that contributes to integrated functioning.
- a specialized area of nsg practice, employing the wide range of explanatory theories of human behavior as its science and purposeful use of self as its art (ANA 2000)
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Cause: Punishment of wrongdoing
- divine or demonic
- (Aristotle 382-322 BC) amounts of blood water, and yellow and black bile control emotions
- aimed at resorting balance through bloodletting, starving, and purging
Ancient Times
Primitive beliefs and superstitions were strong
Priest performed exorcisms to rid evil spirits; incarceration, flogging & starving.
EARLY CHRISTIAN (1-1000AD)
St Mary of Bethlem Hospital in England (1547)
- charge visitors for amusement; bleeding, bathing, vomiting, purging, forced feeding, ridiculing; Tx: ABC
Bicetre (France) – attendants “ringmasters
RENAISSANCE (1300-1600)
Philippe Pinel ( France) and William Tuke ( England) pioneered humane tx of mentally ill.
ASYLUM – safe refuge or haven offering protection; unchained, fed, clothed & abolished whips
- upheld human dignity
DOROTHEA DIX (1800s , U.S.A)
- State hospitals; alleviate suffering with adequate shelter, nutritious food & warm clothing
Benchmark 1:PERIODS OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1790s)
pioneered humane tx of mentally ill.
Philippe Pinel ( France) and William Tuke ( England)
safe refuge or haven offering protection; unchained, fed, clothed & abolished whips
- upheld human dignity
asylum
State hospitals; alleviate suffering with adequate shelter, nutritious food & warm clothing
DOROTHEA DIX (1800s , U.S.A)
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): focused on
understanding the mind and mental illness; focus on life experience
- introduced: motivation, catharsis (release from emotions), meaning of dreams, psychoanalysis, id, ego, supergo, free association
- challenged society to view person objectively.
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) : began classifying mental
disorders according to their symptoms; brain pathology
Eugene Bleuler (1857-1939) : coined the term
Schizophrenia
Benchmark 2: Period of Scientific Study
focused on
understanding the mind and mental illness; focus on life experience
- introduced: motivation, catharsis (release from emotions), meaning of dreams, psychoanalysis, id, ego, supergo, free association
- challenged society to view person objectively.
Sigmund Freud
began classifying mental disorders according to their symptoms; brain pathology
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926
Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine); Lithium
Imipramine (Tofranil)
MAOI ( Monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
Haloperidol ( Haldol)
Tricyclic antidepressants, were introduced 10 years after
Benzodiazepines
Advantages:
Shorter hospital confinement
Noise and chaos diminished
Reduced agitation, psychotic thinking, depression
Benchmark 3:PERIOD OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS ( 1950)
were introduced 10 years after
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
Advantages
-Shorter hospital confinement
-Noise and chaos diminished
-Reduced agitation, psychotic thinking, depression
the enactment of the Community Mental Health Center Act.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
A deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities began (community treatment centers & community living arrangements)
Benchmark IV:
PERIOD OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ( 1960s)
A deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities began (community treatment centers & community living arrangements)
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
Increase in brain research (funding)
Significant change in public awareness
Nursing more educated
Benchmark V: Decade of the Brain 1990s
Due to revolving door effect.
A. Community based care
> Cost Containment Managed Care
B. Managed Care
> people receive care based on need rather
than on request
C. Case Management
MENTAL ILNESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The first american Psychiatric Nurse
LINDA RICHARDS
