midterm

Question 1

what year was stonehedge constructed?

BCE

Answer 1

2500 BCE -1800 BCE

or 3000-1600BCE

750 years of development/ a product of the bronze age

Question 2

stonehedge is found where?

Answer 2

england

Question 3

what exactly is stonehedge?

Answer 3

this is a ditch that has a large diameter, it is dug within the dirt. then the interior holds a circle that is full of stone “colums” or “pillars”- megaliths

Question 4

what was stonehedges purpose?

Answer 4

it was used as a temple
also was used to humanize this calendar of stone and earth

Question 5

who “built” stonehendge?

Answer 5

neolithic structure

Question 6

where is Erechtheion located?

Answer 6

Athens

Question 7

when was Erechtheion built?

Answer 7

420 BCE

Question 8

who was in charge of building Erechtheion?

this was generally a tribute to mnesicles

Answer 8

phidias (a sculptor)

Question 9

something intresting about Erechtheion?

Answer 9

this temple was differnt than the rest of greek arcitecture because it was not symettrical like other buildings
it also contained caryatids on the southwestern porch
with the spacing involved it enabled this new intrest in paralax ( a visiual phenomenon)

Question 10

fthe objects in the porch of the southern corner of Erechtheion

what are caryatids?

Answer 10

sculpted maidens who supported an entabalture on their heads
were to represent the young women protected by the vigin goddess or the sacrificial victims of king erechtheos

Question 11

which specific zones of influence prefered this style doric

the colum

Answer 11

the mainland and western

Question 12

the doric order is characterized by?

Answer 12

plain, unadorned column capital and a colum that rest directly on the stylobate of the temple without a base
think male body

Question 13

where are the doric colums at?

a specific example

Answer 13

the sedcond temple of hera at paestum
built around 450 BCE
carried 6 colums short side
14 long

Question 14

what is a building that used the ionic order?

Answer 14

temple of artemis at ephesus
550BCE
one of the largest temples at the time
8 columns across
10 columns deep

Question 15

this column originated where?

Ionic

Answer 15

ionia, costal region of central anatolia

Question 16

what

what characterized these columns?

ionioc

Answer 16

volutes (scroll like ornaments)
a base supports the column unlike doric
a slender and elegant than doric
feminine proportions

fun fact: this inflences some of the elements of the patheon, the ionic friese that encircels the cella of the tmple

Question 17

the corintbian appeared where initially?

Answer 17

inside the temple of apollo epicurius at bassae

Question 18

this is the most elaborate of the classical orders?

Answer 18

Corinthian

Question 19

what is the defining element of this order?

Corinthian

Answer 19

the elaborate carved capital
incorporates even more vegetal elements than the ionic order does
the romans favored this order more

Question 20

Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae date it was built

Answer 20

420-410 BCE

Question 21

Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae was the initial apperance of what classical order?

Answer 21

Corinthian

Question 22

Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae is where?

Answer 22

its a western arcadian region of mainland greece

Question 23

Ara Pacis=

Answer 23

altar of peace

Question 24

Ara Pacis was commised by who and when?

Answer 24

the roman senate on july 4 of 13BCE

Question 25

Ara Pacis was consegrated when?

Answer 25

january 30, 9BCE

Question 26

what doese the ava pacis look like?

Answer 26

it is a small marble enclosure 12 by 10m it opens to the sky the decorations on this showed a procession of men and women of the julio-claudian dynasty an the chief magistates of the time

Question 27

when was the arch of titus made?

Answer 27

81 CE

Question 28

the arch of titus is found where?

Answer 28

rome

Question 29

the arch of titus was a?

Answer 29

roman triumphal arch commemorates the victories of the jewish war in judaea

Question 30

the arch of titus was erected by whom

Answer 30

Domitian

Question 31

arch of constantine was formed when?

Answer 31

315CE

Question 32

the arch of constatine was built where?

Answer 32

rome

Question 33

who authorized the arch of constantine to be built?

Answer 33

the roman senate it was a triumphant arch again this was for the celebration of the triumph at the battle of milvian bridge against maxentius

Question 34

the archietect whom completed this project? | arch of constantine

Answer 34

Constantined I

Question 35

roman concrete types

Answer 35

opus testaceum opus reticulatum opus incertum

Question 36

roman wall of seville spain | who built (or ordered)? when? why?

Answer 36

built by Julius Caesar around 65 BC Roman defensive walls replaced the existing stockades from previous eras

Question 37

Vitruvian Triad

Answer 37

firmness, commodity, delight

Question 38

how many books did vitruvian have?

Answer 38

10

Question 39

who can be cridited with the Origins of architecture as the Primitive Hut?

Answer 39

vitruvian

Question 40

Anthropomorphic proportions.

Answer 40

Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci, 1480’s

Question 41

elements of a roman arch | just think of main parts

Answer 41

keystone voussoir spring point

Question 42

Tomb of Virgilius Eurycases was built for who?

Answer 42

A baker in the first century BCE

Question 43

who built Tomb of Virgilius Eurycases?

Answer 43

Vetruivius

Question 44

where was Tomb of Virgilius Eurycases located?

Answer 44

Porta Maggiore, Rome

Question 45

when was the porta or gate built?

Answer 45

52 CE | along with the double aquaduct

Question 46

when was the porta incoporated in the aurelian wall?

Answer 46

270CE

Question 47

the Pantheon was completed between

Answer 47

125 and 128 CE

Question 48

Who achieved his greates architectural legacy with the Pantheon?

Answer 48

Hadrian

Question 49

what did the pantheon represent?

Answer 49

it represented a lifetime of research on the possibilites of curved space

Question 50

the use of the pantheon was

Answer 50

a temple to all the gods

Question 51

the mosuleum of theodoric was built in what location

Answer 51

Ravenna, italy near san vitale

Question 52

Pantheon location

Answer 52

rome, italy

Question 53

what year was theodorics mosuleum built?

Answer 53

520 CE

Question 54

one aspect about the museuleum of theodoric

Answer 54

the dome that was the ceiling was made of one single picece of concrete. it was carved from the stone

Question 55

compare theodorics museoleum and san vitale

Answer 55

the stone/concrete work from one project to the next shows a complex knowlege was "withheld" from the moseluem compared to that of san vitale. with only being constructed around six years apart the complexity from this structure is astonding. for instance look at the mosaic work inside of the dome or the arches that reach the exterior from further away on the grounds.

Question 56

san vitale started construction when?

Answer 56

in 526 CE

Question 57

where was san vitale constructed?

Answer 57

Revenna, italy a few blocks from the museleum of theodric

Question 58

# san vitale aspects of this building

Answer 58

this is covered in archiectural decorawtions the mosics that cover the area are redx as parrelel to the viewer regardless of the domes the exterior stonework ect..

Question 59

San Vitale use for the people was

Answer 59

a church

Question 60

San Vitale represented what

Answer 60

the summit of byzantne expression in italy

Question 61

Sainte Etienne Caen location

Answer 61

FRANCE Westwerks

Question 62

Saint Etienne Caen when constructed

Answer 62

1063 CE

Question 63

Exterior aspects of Saint Etienne Caen

Answer 63

Paired towers Tripartite west elevation Based on triumphal arch Cruciform plan Apse with ambulatory

Question 64

interior aspects of saint etienne caen

Answer 64

Ribbed arched vaults Triforium Clerestory

Question 65

what do the twin towers represent on the exterior of saint etienne caen?

Answer 65

the new and old testement

Question 66

what purpose does the saint etienne caen have?

Answer 66

it is a church it also houses , William the Conquerer tomb

Question 67

St. Gall Monastery Plan published?

Answer 67

820 CE

Question 68

st. gall monestary plan mixed what influences

Answer 68

medevil and classical

Question 69

# st. gall monestary The form of an open court-

Answer 69

classical

Question 70

# st. gall monestary plan The function:

Answer 70

medevil

Question 71

Development of Romanesque Architecture

Answer 71

Employed the basilican form from Ancient Roman architecture, extending it vertically. Ribbed barrel vault construction. More wall than opening. Nave, aisles, apse and ambulatory Aisle, triforium, and clerestory (clear story)