Midterm

Question 1

What is the definition of “scientific classification”

Answer 1

Taxonomy, classifying groups based on shared characteristics

Question 2

What are the 5 basic things all animals have to do to survive

Answer 2

Food, breathing, protection, reproduction, and excretion

Question 3

What are abiotic characteristics of the photic zone?

Answer 3

• Sunlight

Question 4

What biotic characteristics of the photic zone?

Answer 4

• Photosynthesizers
• Plankton (drifters)
• Herbivores or Carnivores

Question 5

What is the depth of the photic zone?

Answer 5

200m

Question 6

What are abiotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?

Answer 6

• Open ocean and large spaces

Question 7

What are biotic characteristics of the pelagic zone?

Answer 7

• Carnivores

Question 8

What is the depth of the pelagic zone?

Answer 8

0 to 4000m (includes the photic zone)

Question 9

What are biotic charcteristics of the benthic zone?

Answer 9

• Grass beds
• Coral reefs

Question 10

What are abiotic characteristics of the benthic zone?

Answer 10

• If it is deep, it is dark and if it is a shallow area, it has some light
• Rocky, sandy, and muddy

Question 11

What is the depth of the benthic zone?

Answer 11

Seafloor and any other depths

Question 12

What are abiotic characteristics in the abyssal zone?

Answer 12

• No light
• High pressure
• Cold

Question 13

What are biotic characteristics of the abyssal zone?

Answer 13

Animals that usually have:
- Minimal body mass
- Camouflage

Question 14

What is the depth of the abyssal zone?

Answer 14

4,000 to 10,000 m deep

Question 15

What are adaptions of animals in the photic zone?

Answer 15

Countershading

Question 16

What are adaptions of animals in the pelagic zone?

Answer 16

• Strong
• Fast
• Stamina

Question 17

What are adaptions of animals in the benthic zone?

Answer 17

• Camouflage
• Depressed or rock shaped

Question 18

What are adaptions of animals in the abyssal zone?

Answer 18

• Minimal body mass
• Camouflage

Question 19

What does Recreational fishing mean?

Answer 19

Collecting organisms for personal consumption

Question 20

What does Commercial fishing mean?

Answer 20

Collecting as many organisms as possible to maximize income and profit

Question 21

What does Target Species mean?

Answer 21

The organism that is most desired for capture and sale

Question 22

What does Bycatch mean?

Answer 22

Organisms that are caught but not “desired” due to low profitability or inability to sell at all

Question 23

What does Fishery mean?

Answer 23

The whole process of catching and marketing fish and shellfish for sale. It includes the resources (what is being fished), fishermen, and related businesses

Question 24

What does Active gear mean?

Answer 24

Gear that is designed to chase and capture
target species

Question 25

What does Passive gear mean?

Answer 25

Gear that sits in one place and allows the target species to approach

Question 26

What does a Dirty fishery mean?

Answer 26

A fishing strategy or fishery that has a large portion of bycatch in its total collection and/or impacts the habitat in a destructive way.

Question 27

What does a Clean fishery mean?

Answer 27

A fishing strategy or fishery that has little to no bycatch in its total collection and/or has minimal destructive impact on the habitat

Question 28

What does Regulations mean?

Answer 28

Rules and laws designed to decrease a fishery’s impact on bycatch and/or habitats

Question 29

What type of gear is a Benthic Trawl?

Answer 29

Active

Question 30

What are target species of Benthic Trawls?

Answer 30

- Cod - Flatfish

Question 31

What type of gear is a Midwater Trawl?

Answer 31

Active

Question 32

What are target species of Midwater Trawls?

Answer 32

- Shrimp - Pollock

Question 33

What type of gear is a Purse Seine?

Answer 33

Active

Question 34

What are target species of Purse Seines?

Answer 34

- Tuna - Herring - Anchovy

Question 35

What type of gear is a Dredge?

Answer 35

Active

Question 36

What are the target species of Dredges?

Answer 36

- Scallops - Oysters - Clams

Question 37

What type of gear is a Trap?

Answer 37

Passive

Question 38

What are the target species of Traps?

Answer 38

- Lobster - Crab - Whelk

Question 39

What type of gear is a Longline?

Answer 39

Passive

Question 40

What are the target species of Longlines?

Answer 40

- Tuna - Cod - Mahi Mahi - Swordfish

Question 41

What type of gear is a Gillnet?

Answer 41

Passive

Question 42

What are the target species of Gillnets?

Answer 42

- Salmon - Cod - Tuna

Question 43

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Benthic Trawl?

Answer 43

Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat

Question 44

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Midwater Trawl?

Answer 44

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

Question 45

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Purse Seine?

Answer 45

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

Question 46

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Dredge?

Answer 46

Dirty Bycatch and Dirty Habitat

Question 47

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Trap?

Answer 47

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

Question 48

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is the Longline?

Answer 48

Clean Bycatch and Clean Habitat

Question 49

What kind of bycatch and impact on the environment is Gillnet?

Answer 49

Dirty Bycatch and Clean Habitat

Question 50

What regulation has been added to the Benthic and Midwater trawls?

Answer 50

Turtle excluder device

Question 51

What regulation has been added to the Dredge?

Answer 51

Closed areas

Question 52

What regulation has been added to Longlines?

Answer 52

Circle hook instead of "j" hook