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Midterm Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of a living thing?

A
  • Made of Cells
  • Reproduce
  • Acquire and Use Energy (metabolism)
  • Grow and Develop
  • Levels of organization
  • Response to stimuli (homeostatis)
  • Adapt and Evolve
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2
Q

What classifies something as a nonliving thing?

A

Doesn’t have all the 7 characteristics of a living thing

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3
Q

What does Biotic mean?

A

Living things within an ecosystem that shapes its environment

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4
Q

What does Abiotic mean?

A

Non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

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5
Q

What are some examples of Biotic factors?

A
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Bacteria
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6
Q

What are some examples of Abiotic factors?

A
  • Water
  • Light
  • Temperature
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7
Q

What is an Organism?

A

A living thing

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8
Q

What does Species mean?

A

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce naturally with one another and create fertile offspring

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9
Q

What does Homeostasis mean?

A

A self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability

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10
Q

What is an example of Homeostasis?

A

Shivering when it is cold out

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11
Q

What does Extremophile mean?

A

Organism(s) with the ability to thrive in extreme environments

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12
Q

What does Cell mean?

A

The basic structural, functional, and biological building blocks of all living things

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13
Q

What does Organic Compounds mean?

A

Generally complex molecules derived from or produced by living organisms and have carbon-hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What does Inorganic Compounds mean?

A

Simple molecules derived from nonliving components, like metals, and have no carbon-hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

What does Reproduce mean?

A

Production of offspring, there is asexual or sexual reproduction

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16
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

When an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique

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17
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

One parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring.

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18
Q

What does Evolution mean?

A

The change in heritable traits of biological populations over generations

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19
Q

What does Virus mean?

A

An infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot make a copy of itself; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of itself

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20
Q

What does Eukaryote mean?

A

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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21
Q

What is an example of a Eukaryote?

A

Plant and Animal Cells

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22
Q

What does Prokaryote mean?

A

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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23
Q

What is an example of a Prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

What does Response to the Environment mean?

A

When a living thing responds to its environment, it is responding to a stimulus. A stimulus is something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism

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25
What does Requires Energy mean?
Organisms use energy to grow, repair injuries, make more cells, cellular respiration etc
26
What does Grow and Develop mean?
When organisms increase in size and become more complex as they get older
27
What does unicellular mean?
Made of a single cell
28
What does multicellular mean?
Made of multiple cells
29
What does growth mean?
The process of increasing in physical size
30
What does every organic molecule have to have?
Carbon
31
What is a Nucleus?
Control center of the cell that contains DNA. It is found in Eukaryotes
32
What does Cytoplasm mean?
Gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules
33
What is a Ribosome?
Makes Proteins and is found in all cells
34
What is an Endoplasmic reticulum?
Makes many proteins and lipids.Transports molecules throughout cell. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not.
35
What is a Golgi Apparatus?
A cell that sorts and packages proteins for export by the cell
36
What is a Mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production. Found in Eukaryotes
37
What is a Chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis happens
38
What is a Central Vacuole?
A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with water and other molecules
39
What is a Vacuole?
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
40
What is a Cell/Plasma Membrane?
A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment and allows specific things to enter and exit the cell. It is found in all cells.
41
What is a Semi-permeable?
Membranes that allow some substances through but not others
42
Levels of organization in the body
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
43
What is a Microscope?
An instrument that makes small objects look larger
44
What is a Cell Wall?
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in bacteria and plant cells. Provides support, protection, and structure.
45
What is a Lysosome?
A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down waste and foreign invaders in the cell.
46
What is a Centriole?
An organelle located near the nucleus that helps to organize cell division
47
What does Cell Specialization/Differentiation mean?
The process by which cells change as they grow and develop to become specialized with different functions.
48
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialized cell that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells
49
What does Cell Theory mean?
The idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and they are produced from existing cells
50
What does Macromolecules mean?
Large biological molecules There are four types: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
51
What does Monomer mean?
Small molecules that are subunits or building blocks of polymers
52
What does Polymer mean?
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together
53
What does Carbohydrate mean?
Organic molecules made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio
54
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
Short term energy
55
What does Monosaccharides mean?
Simple sugars (glucose, fructose); monomer for carbohydrates.
56
What does Polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
57
What does Starch mean?
Storage form of glucose in plants
58
What does Cellulose mean?
A substance made of sugars that is common in the cell walls of many organisms; known as Fiber on dietary labels
59
What does Protein mean?
Organic molecules made up of amino acids and they are essential for life. Examples of proteins are enzymes, hair, hemoglobin.
60
What is the function of Proteins?
Structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances
61
What does Amino Acids mean?
Building blocks for proteins. There are 20 different amino acids.
62
What does a Polypeptide mean?
Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
63
What is the function of Lipids?
Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
64
What does Lipids mean?
Organic molecules made up of C, H, and O that include fats, oils, waxes and cholesterol. They are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water.
65
What does an Enzyme mean?
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
66
What does a Fatty Acid mean?
Building blocks of Lipids
67
What does Nucleic Acids mean?
Organic molecules that contain C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P).
68
What is an example of Nucleic Acids?
RNA and DNA
69
What does a Nucelotide mean?
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
70
What does a DNA mean?
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
71
What does a Chemical Reaction mean?
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
72
What does a Reactant mean?
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
73
What does a Product mean?
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
74
What does an Activation Energy mean?
Energy needed to get a reaction started
75
What does Metabolism mean?
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
76
What does Dehydration Synthesis mean?
Water is removed to bond (build) smaller molecules into a polymer. This type of reaction stores energy.
77
What does Hydrolysis mean?
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
78
What is Biology?
The study of living things

Biology (5 decks)

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